µ±Ç°Î»ÖãºLinux½Ì³Ì - Linux×ÊѶ - ʹÓà lsof ²éÕÒ´ò¿ªµÄÎļþ

ʹÓà lsof ²éÕÒ´ò¿ªµÄÎļþ

    ÔÚ UNIX® »·¾³ÖУ¬ÎļþÎÞ´¦²»ÔÚ£¬Õâ±ã²úÉúÁËÒ»¾ä¸ñÑÔ£º¡°ÈκÎÊÂÎﶼÊÇÎļþ¡±¡£Í¨¹ýÎļþ²»½ö½ö¿ÉÒÔ·ÃÎʳ£¹æÊý¾Ý£¬Í¨³£»¹¿ÉÒÔ·ÃÎÊÍøÂçÁ¬½ÓºÍÓ²¼þ¡£ÔÚÓÐЩÇé¿öÏ£¬µ±ÄúʹÓà ls ÇëÇóĿ¼Ç嵥ʱ£¬½«³öÏÖÏàÓ¦µÄÌõÄ¿¡£ÔÚÆäËûÇé¿öÏ£¬Èç´«Êä¿ØÖÆЭÒé (TCP) ºÍÓû§Êý¾Ý±¨Ð­Òé (UDP) Ì×½Ó×Ö£¬²»´æÔÚÏàÓ¦µÄĿ¼Çåµ¥¡£µ«ÊÇÔÚºǫ́Ϊ¸ÃÓ¦ÓóÌÐò·ÖÅäÁËÒ»¸öÎļþÃèÊö·û£¬ÎÞÂÛÕâ¸öÎļþµÄ±¾ÖÊÈçºÎ£¬¸ÃÎļþÃèÊö·ûΪӦÓóÌÐòÓë»ù´¡²Ù×÷ϵͳ֮¼äµÄ½»»¥ÌṩÁËͨÓýӿڡ£

    ÒòΪӦÓóÌÐò´ò¿ªÎļþµÄÃèÊö·ûÁбíÌṩÁË´óÁ¿¹ØÓÚÕâ¸öÓ¦ÓóÌÐò±¾ÉíµÄÐÅÏ¢£¬ËùÒÔÄܹ»²é¿´Õâ¸öÁÐ±í½«ÊǺÜÓаïÖúµÄ¡£Íê³ÉÕâÏîÈÎÎñµÄʵÓóÌÐò³ÆΪ lsof£¬Ëü¶ÔÓ¦ÓÚ¡°list open files¡±£¨Áгö´ò¿ªµÄÎļþ£©¡£¼¸ºõÔÚÿ¸ö UNIX °æ±¾Öж¼ÓÐÕâ¸öʵÓóÌÐò£¬µ«Ææ¹ÖµÄÊÇ£¬´ó¶àÊý¹©Ó¦É̲¢Ã»Óн«Æä°üº¬ÔÚ²Ù×÷ϵͳµÄ³õʼ°²×°ÖС£Òª»ñÈ¡¸ü¶à¹ØÓÚ lsof µÄÐÅÏ¢£¬Çë²Î¼û²Î¿¼×ÊÁϲ¿·Ö¡£

lsof ¼ò½é

    Ö»ÐèÊäÈë lsof ¾Í¿ÉÒÔÉú³É´óÁ¿µÄÐÅÏ¢£¬ÈçÇåµ¥ 1 Ëùʾ¡£ÒòΪ lsof ÐèÒª·ÃÎʺËÐÄÄÚ´æºÍ¸÷ÖÖÎļþ£¬ËùÒÔ±ØÐëÒÔ root Óû§µÄÉí·ÝÔËÐÐËü²ÅÄܹ»³ä·ÖµØ·¢»ÓÆ书ÄÜ¡£

Çåµ¥ 1. lsof µÄʾÀýÊä³ö

bash-3.00# lsof COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME sched 0 root cwd VDIR 136,8 1024 2 / init 1 root cwd VDIR 136,8 1024 2 / init 1 root txt VREG 136,8 49016 1655 /sbin/init init 1 root txt VREG 136,8 51084 3185 /lib/libuutil.so.1 vi 2013 root 3u VREG 136,8 0 8501 /var/tmp/ExXDaO7d ...

    ÿÐÐÏÔʾһ¸ö´ò¿ªµÄÎļþ£¬³ý·ÇÁíÍâÖ¸¶¨£¬·ñÔò½«ÏÔʾËùÓнø³Ì´ò¿ªµÄËùÓÐÎļþ¡£Command¡¢PID ºÍ User Áзֱð±íʾ½ø³ÌµÄÃû³Æ¡¢½ø³Ì±êʶ·û (PID) ºÍËùÓÐÕßÃû³Æ¡£Device¡¢SIZE/OFF¡¢Node ºÍ Name ÁÐÉæ¼°µ½Îļþ±¾ÉíµÄÐÅÏ¢£¬·Ö±ð±íʾָ¶¨´ÅÅ̵ÄÃû³Æ¡¢ÎļþµÄ´óС¡¢Ë÷Òý½Úµã£¨ÎļþÔÚ´ÅÅÌÉϵıêʶ£©ºÍ¸ÃÎļþµÄÈ·ÇÐÃû³Æ¡£¸ù¾Ý UNIX °æ±¾µÄ²»Í¬£¬¿ÉÄܽ«ÎļþµÄ´óС±¨¸æΪӦÓóÌÐòÔÚÎļþÖнøÐжÁÈ¡µÄµ±Ç°Î»Öã¨Æ«ÒÆÁ¿£©¡£Çåµ¥ 1 À´×Ôһ̨¿ÉÒÔ±¨¸æ¸ÃÐÅÏ¢µÄ Sun Solaris 10 ¼ÆËã»ú£¬¶ø Linux® ûÓÐÕâ¸ö¹¦ÄÜ¡£

    FD ºÍ Type Áеĺ¬Òå×îΪģºý£¬ËüÃÇÌṩÁ˹ØÓÚÎļþÈçºÎʹÓõĸü¶àÐÅÏ¢¡£FD ÁбíʾÎļþÃèÊö·û£¬Ó¦ÓóÌÐòͨ¹ýÎļþÃèÊö·ûʶ±ð¸ÃÎļþ¡£Type ÁÐÌṩÁ˹ØÓÚÎļþ¸ñʽµÄ¸ü¶àÃèÊö¡£ÎÒÃÇÀ´¾ßÌåÑо¿Ò»ÏÂÎļþÃèÊö·ûÁУ¬Çåµ¥ 1 ÖгöÏÖÁËÈýÖÖ²»Í¬µÄÖµ¡£cwd Öµ±íʾӦÓóÌÐòµÄµ±Ç°¹¤×÷Ŀ¼£¬ÕâÊǸÃÓ¦ÓóÌÐòÆô¶¯µÄĿ¼£¬³ý·ÇËü±¾Éí¶ÔÕâ¸öĿ¼½øÐиü¸Ä¡£txt ÀàÐ͵ÄÎļþÊdzÌÐò´úÂ룬ÈçÓ¦ÓóÌÐò¶þ½øÖÆÎļþ±¾Éí»ò¹²Ïí¿â£¬ÔÙ±ÈÈ籾ʾÀýµÄÁбíÖÐÏÔʾµÄ init ³ÌÐò¡£×îºó£¬ÊýÖµ±íʾӦÓóÌÐòµÄÎļþÃèÊö·û£¬ÕâÊÇ´ò¿ª¸ÃÎļþʱ·µ»ØµÄÒ»¸öÕûÊý¡£ÔÚÇåµ¥ 1 Êä³öµÄ×îºóÒ»ÐÐÖУ¬Äú¿ÉÒÔ¿´µ½Óû§ÕýÔÚʹÓà vi ±à¼­ /var/tmp/ExXDaO7d£¬ÆäÎļþÃèÊö·ûΪ 3¡£u ±íʾ¸ÃÎļþ±»´ò¿ª²¢´¦ÓÚ¶ÁÈ¡/дÈëģʽ£¬¶ø²»ÊÇÖ»¶Á (r) »òֻд (w) ģʽ¡£ÓÐÒ»µã²»ÊǺÜÖØÒªµ«È´ºÜÓаïÖú£¬³õʼ´ò¿ªÃ¿¸öÓ¦ÓóÌÐòʱ£¬¶¼¾ßÓÐÈý¸öÎļþÃèÊö·û£¬´Ó 0 µ½ 2£¬·Ö±ð±íʾ±ê×¼ÊäÈë¡¢Êä³öºÍ´íÎóÁ÷¡£ÕýÒòΪÈç´Ë£¬´ó¶àÊýÓ¦ÓóÌÐòËù´ò¿ªµÄÎļþµÄ FD ¶¼ÊÇ´Ó 3 ¿ªÊ¼¡£

    Óë FD ÁÐÏà±È£¬Type ÁÐÔò±È½ÏÖ±¹Û¡£¸ù¾Ý¾ßÌå²Ù×÷ϵͳµÄ²»Í¬£¬Äú»á·¢ÏÖ½«ÎļþºÍĿ¼³ÆΪ REG ºÍ DIR£¨ÔÚ Solaris ÖУ¬³ÆΪ VREG ºÍ VDIR£©¡£ÆäËû¿ÉÄܵÄȡֵΪ CHR ºÍ BLK£¬·Ö±ð±íʾ×Ö·ûºÍ¿éÉ豸£»»òÕß UNIX¡¢FIFO ºÍ IPv4£¬·Ö±ð±íʾ UNIX ÓòÌ×½Ó×Ö¡¢ÏȽøÏȳö (FIFO) ¶ÓÁкÍÍø¼ÊЭÒé (IP) Ì×½Ó×Ö¡£

תµ½ /proc Ŀ¼

    ¾¡¹ÜÓëʹÓà lsof ûÓÐʲôֱ½ÓµÄ¹Øϵ£¬µ«¶Ô /proc Ŀ¼½øÐмòÒªµÄ½éÉÜÊÇÓбØÒªµÄ¡£/proc ÊÇÒ»¸öĿ¼£¬ÆäÖаüº¬ÁË·´Ó³Äں˺ͽø³ÌÊ÷µÄ¸÷ÖÖÎļþ¡£ÕâЩÎļþºÍĿ¼²¢²»´æÔÚÓÚ´ÅÅÌÖУ¬Òò´Ëµ±Äú¶ÔÕâЩÎļþ½øÐжÁÈ¡ºÍдÈëʱ£¬Êµ¼ÊÉÏÊÇÔÚ´Ó²Ù×÷ϵͳ±¾Éí»ñÈ¡Ïà¹ØÐÅÏ¢¡£´ó¶àÊýÓë lsof Ïà¹ØµÄÐÅÏ¢¶¼´æ´¢ÓÚÒÔ½ø³ÌµÄ PID ÃüÃûµÄĿ¼ÖУ¬ËùÒÔ /proc/1234 Öаüº¬µÄÊÇ PID Ϊ 1234 µÄ½ø³ÌµÄÐÅÏ¢¡£

    ÔÚ /proc Ŀ¼µÄÿ¸ö½ø³ÌĿ¼ÖдæÔÚן÷ÖÖÎļþ£¬ËüÃÇ¿ÉÒÔʹµÃÓ¦ÓóÌÐò¼òµ¥µØÁ˽â½ø³ÌµÄÄÚ´æ¿Õ¼ä¡¢ÎļþÃèÊö·ûÁÐ±í¡¢Ö¸Ïò´ÅÅÌÉϵÄÎļþµÄ·ûºÅÁ´½ÓºÍÆäËûϵͳÐÅÏ¢¡£lsof ʵÓóÌÐòʹÓøÃÐÅÏ¢ºÍÆäËû¹ØÓÚÄÚºËÄÚ²¿×´Ì¬µÄÐÅÏ¢À´²úÉúÆäÊä³ö¡£ÉÔºóÎÒ½«°Ñ lsof µÄÊä³öÓë /proc Ŀ¼ÖеÄÐÅÏ¢ÁªÏµÆðÀ´¡£

³£¼ûÓ÷¨

    Ç°Ã棬ÎÒÏòÄú½éÉÜÁËÈçºÎ¼òµ¥µØÔËÐв»´øÈκβÎÊýµÄ lsof£¬ÒÔ±ãÏÔʾ¹ØÓÚÿ¸ö½ø³ÌËù´ò¿ªµÄÎļþµÄÐÅÏ¢¡£±¾ÎÄÓàϵIJ¿·Ö½«Öصã¹Ø×¢ÈçºÎʹÓà lsof À´ÏÔʾËùÐèµÄÐÅÏ¢ÒÔ¼°ÈçºÎÕýÈ·µØ¶ÔÆä½øÐнâÊÍ¡£

²éÕÒÓ¦ÓóÌÐò´ò¿ªµÄÎļþ

    lsof ³£¼ûµÄÓ÷¨ÊDzéÕÒÓ¦ÓóÌÐò´ò¿ªµÄÎļþµÄÃû³ÆºÍÊýÄ¿¡£Äú¿ÉÄÜÏë³¢ÊÔÕÒ³öij¸öÌض¨Ó¦ÓóÌÐò½«ÈÕÖ¾Êý¾Ý¼Ç¼µ½ºÎ´¦£¬»òÕßÕýÔÚ¸ú×Ùij¸öÎÊÌâ¡£ÀýÈ磬UNIX ÏÞÖÆÁ˽ø³ÌÄܹ»´ò¿ªÎļþµÄÊýÄ¿¡£Í¨³£Õâ¸öÊýÖµºÜ´ó£¬ËùÒÔ²»»á²úÉúÎÊÌ⣬²¢ÇÒÔÚÐèҪʱ£¬Ó¦ÓóÌÐò¿ÉÒÔÇëÇó¸ü´óµÄÖµ£¨Ö±µ½Ä³¸öÉÏÏÞ£©¡£Èç¹ûÄú»³ÒÉÓ¦ÓóÌÐòºÄ¾¡ÁËÎļþÃèÊö·û£¬ÄÇô¿ÉÒÔʹÓà lsof ͳ¼Æ´ò¿ªµÄÎļþÊýÄ¿£¬ÒÔ½øÐÐÑéÖ¤¡£

    ÒªÖ¸¶¨µ¥¸ö½ø³Ì£¬¿ÉÒÔʹÓà -p ²ÎÊý£¬ºóÃæ¼ÓÉϸýø³ÌµÄ PID¡£ÒòΪÕâÑù×ö²»½ö»á·µ»Ø¸ÃÓ¦ÓóÌÐòËù´ò¿ªµÄÎļþ£¬»¹»á·µ»Ø¹²Ïí¿âºÍ´úÂ룬ËùÒÔͨ³£ÐèÒª¶ÔÊä³ö½øÐÐɸѡ¡£ÒªÍê³É´ËÈÎÎñ£¬¿ÉÒÔʹÓà -d ±êÖ¾¸ù¾Ý FD ÁнøÐÐɸѡ£¬Ê¹Óà -a ±êÖ¾±íʾÁ½¸ö²ÎÊý¶¼±ØÐëÂú×ã (AND)¡£Èç¹ûûÓÐ -a ±êÖ¾£¬È±Ê¡µÄÇé¿öÊÇÏÔʾƥÅäÈκÎÒ»¸ö²ÎÊý (OR) µÄÎļþ¡£Çåµ¥ 2 ÏÔʾÁË sendmail ½ø³Ì´ò¿ªµÄÎļþ£¬²¢Ê¹Óà txt ¶ÔÕâЩÎļþ½øÐÐɸѡ¡£

Çåµ¥ 2. ´øÓÐ PID ɸѡÆ÷²¢½øÐÐ txt ÎļþÃèÊö·ûɸѡµÄ lsof Êä³ö

sh-3.00# lsof -a -p 605 -d ^txt COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME sendmail 605 root cwd VDIR 136,8 1024 23554 /var/spool/mqueue sendmail 605 root 0r VCHR 13,2 6815752 /devices/pseudo/mm@0:null sendmail 605 root 1w VCHR 13,2 6815752 /devices/pseudo/mm@0:null sendmail 605 root 2w VCHR 13,2 6815752 /devices/pseudo/mm@0:null sendmail 605 root 3r DOOR 0t0 58 /var/run/name_service_door(door to nscd[81]) (FA:->0x30002b156c0) sendmail 605 root 4w VCHR 21,0 11010052 /devices/pseudo/log@0:conslog->LOG sendmail 605 root 5u IPv4 0x300010ea640 0t0 TCP *:smtp (LISTEN) sendmail 605 root 6u IPv6 0x3000431c180 0t0 TCP *:smtp (LISTEN) sendmail 605 root 7u IPv4 0x300046d39c0 0t0 TCP *:submission (LISTEN) sendmail 605 root 8wW VREG 281,3 32 8778600 /var/run/sendmail.pid

    Çåµ¥ 2 Ϊ lsof Ö¸¶¨ÁËÈý¸ö²ÎÊý¡£µÚÒ»¸öÊÇ -a£¬Ëü±íʾµ±ËùÓеIJÎÊý¶¼ÎªÕæʱ£¬²ÅÏÔʾÕâ¸öÎļþ¡£µÚ¶þ¸ö²ÎÊýÊÇ -p 605£¬ËüÏÞÖƽöÊä³ö PID Ϊ 605 µÄ½ø³Ì£¬¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ý ps ÃüÁî»ñÈ¡Õâ¸öÐÅÏ¢¡£×îºóÒ»¸ö²ÎÊý -d ^txt£¬Ëü±íʾɸѡ³öÆäÖÐ txt ÀàÐ͵ļǼ£¨ÍÑ×Ö·ûºÅ [^] ±íʾÅųý£©¡£

    Çåµ¥ 2 µÄÊä³öÌṩÁ˹ØÓÚ½ø³ÌÐÐΪµÄÐÅÏ¢¡£Èç cwd ÐÐËùʾ£¬¸ÃÓ¦ÓóÌÐòµÄ¹¤×÷Ŀ¼Ϊ /var/spool/mqueue¡£ÎļþÃèÊö·û 0¡¢1 ºÍ 2 ·ÖÅä¸øÁË /dev/null£¨Solaris ´óÁ¿Ê¹Ó÷ûºÅÁ´½Ó£¬ËùÒÔÕâÀïÏÔʾÁËÏàÓ¦µÄαÉ豸£©¡£FD 3 ÊÇÒ»¸ö Solaris ÃÅ£¨¸ßËÙÔ¶³Ì¹ý³Ìµ÷Óà (RPC) ½Ó¿Ú£©£¬ÒÔÖ»¶Áģʽ´ò¿ª¡£FD 4 ÖеÄÄÚÈݱȽÏÓÐȤ£¬ÒòΪËüÊÇÒ»¸ö×Ö·ûÉ豸µÄÖ»¶Á¾ä±ú£¬ÊµÖÊÉÏÊÇ /dev/log¡£´ÓÕâ¸öÎļþÖУ¬Äú¿ÉÒÔÊÕ¼¯¸ÃÓ¦ÓóÌÐòÏò UNIX syslog ÊØ»¤½ø³Ì½øÐеļǼ£¬ËùÒÔ /etc/syslog.conf ¹æ¶¨ÁËÈÕÖ¾ÎļþµÄλÖá£

    ×÷Ϊһ¸öÍøÂçÓ¦ÓóÌÐò£¬sendmail ¶ÔÍøÂç¶Ë¿Ú½øÐмàÌý¡£ÎļþÃèÊö·û 5¡¢6 ºÍ 7 ¿ÉÒÔ¸æËßÄú£¬¸ÃÓ¦ÓóÌÐòÕýÒÔ IPv4 ºÍ IPv6 ģʽ¼àÌý¼òµ¥Óʼþ´«ÊäЭÒé (SMTP) ¶Ë¿Ú£¬²¢ÒÔ IPv4 ģʽ¼àÌýÌá½»¶Ë¿Ú¡£×îºóÒ»¸öÎļþÃèÊö·ûÊÇֻдµÄ£¬²¢ÇÒÖ¸Ïò /var/run/sendmail.pid¡£FD ÁÐÖеĴóд W ±íʾ¸ÃÓ¦ÓóÌÐò¾ßÓжÔÕû¸öÎļþµÄдËø¡£¸ÃÎļþÓÃÓÚÈ·±£Ã¿´ÎÖ»ÄÜ´ò¿ªÒ»¸öÓ¦ÓóÌÐòʵÀý¡£

²éÕÒ´ò¿ªÄ³¸öÎļþµÄÓ¦ÓóÌÐò

    ÔÚÆäËûÇé¿öÏ£¬ÄúÓÐÒ»¸öÎļþ»òĿ¼£¬²¢ÇÒÐèÒªÖªµÀÄĸöÓ¦ÓóÌÐò¿ØÖÆÁ˸ÃÎļþ£¨´ò¿ªÁ˸ÃÎļþ£©¡£Çåµ¥ 2 ÏÔʾÁËÓÉ sendmail ½ø³Ì´ò¿ªÁË /var/run/sendmail.pid¡£Èç¹ûÄú²»ÖªµÀÕâ¸öÐÅÏ¢£¬ÄÇôÔÚ¸ø¶¨ÎļþÃûµÄÇé¿öÏ£¬lsof ¿ÉÒÔÌṩ¸ÃÐÅÏ¢¡£Çåµ¥ 3 ÏÔʾÁËÏàÓ¦µÄÊä³ö¡£

Çåµ¥ 3. ÒªÇó lsof ÏÔʾ¹ØÓÚij¸öÎļþµÄÐÅÏ¢

bash-3.00# lsof /var/run/sendmail.pid COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME sendmail 605 root 8wW VREG 281,3 32 8778600 /var/run/sendmail.pid

    ÕýÈçÊä³öËùʾ£¬½ø³Ì sendmail£¨PID Ϊ 605£©¿ØÖÆÁËÎļþ /var/run/sendmail.pid£¬²¢ÇÒͨ¹ýÅÅËüËø´ò¿ª¸ÃÎļþÒÔ±ã½øÐÐдÈë¡£Èç¹û³öÓÚijÖÖÔ­Òò£¬ÄúÐèҪɾ³ýÕâ¸öÎļþ£¬ÄÇôÕýÈ·µÄ×ö·¨ÊÇÖÐÖ¹¸Ã½ø³Ì£¬¶ø²»ÊÇÖ±½Óɾ³ýÕâ¸öÎļþ¡£·ñÔò£¬Õâ¸öÊØ»¤½ø³ÌÏ´οÉÄÜÎÞ·¨Õý³£Æô¶¯£¬»òÕß¿ÉÄÜÉÔºó»áÆô¶¯ÁíÒ»¸öʵÀý£¬´Ó¶øµ¼ÖÂÕùÓá£

    ÓÐʱÄúÖ»ÖªµÀÔÚÎļþϵͳµÄij´¦´ò¿ªÁËÎļþ¡£ÔÚжÔØÎļþϵͳʱ£¬Èç¹û¸ÃÎļþϵͳÖÐÓÐÈκδò¿ªµÄÎļþ£¬ÄÇô²Ù×÷½«»áʧ°Ü¡£Í¨¹ýÖ¸¶¨×°ÈëµãµÄÃû³Æ£¬Äú¿ÉÒÔʹÓà lsof ÏÔʾһ¸öÎļþϵͳÖÐËùÓдò¿ªµÄÎļþ¡£Çåµ¥ 4 ÏÔʾÁËÈçºÎ³¢ÊÔжÔØ /eXPort/home£¬È»ºóʹÓà lsof ÕÒ³öË­ÔÚʹÓøÃÎļþϵͳ¡£

Çåµ¥ 4. ʹÓà lsof ÕÒ³öË­ÔÚʹÓÃÎļþϵͳ

bash-3.00# umount /export/home umount: /export/home busy bash-3.00# lsof /export/home COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME bash 1943 root cwd VDIR 136,7 1024 4 /export/home/sean bash 2970 sean cwd VDIR 136,7 1024 4 /export/home/sean ct 3030 sean cwd VDIR 136,7 1024 4 /export/home/sean ct 3030 sean 1w VREG 136,7 0 25 /export/home/sean/output

    ÔÚÕâ¸öʾÀýÖУ¬Óû§ sean ÕýÔÚÆä home Ŀ¼ÖнøÐÐһЩ²Ù×÷¡£ÓÐÁ½¸ö bash£¨Ò»ÖÖ Shell£©ÊµÀýÕýÔÚÔËÐУ¬²¢ÇÒµ±Ç°Ä¿Â¼ÉèÖÃΪ sean µÄ home Ŀ¼¡£»¹ÓÐÒ»¸öÃûΪ ct µÄÓ¦ÓóÌÐòÕýÔËÐÐÓÚÏàͬµÄĿ¼£¬²¢ÇÒÆä±ê×¼Êä³ö£¨ÎļþÃèÊö·û 1£©Öض¨Ïòµ½Ò»¸öÃûΪ output µÄÎļþ¡£Òª³É¹¦µØжÔØ /export/home£¬Ó¦¸ÃÔÚ֪ͨÓû§ÒÔÈ·±£Çé¿öÕý³£Ö®ºó£¬ÖÐÖ¹ÕâЩ½ø³Ì¡£

    Õâ¸öʾÀý˵Ã÷ÁËÓ¦ÓóÌÐòµÄµ±Ç°¹¤×÷Ŀ¼·Ç³£ÖØÒª£¬ÒòΪËüÈÔ±£³Ö×ÅÎļþ×ÊÔ´£¬²¢ÇÒ¿ÉÒÔ·ÀÖ¹Îļþϵͳ±»Ð¶ÔØ¡£Õâ¾ÍÊÇΪʲô´ó²¿·ÖÊØ»¤½ø³Ì£¨ºǫ́½ø³Ì£©½«ËüÃǵÄĿ¼¸ü¸ÄΪ¸ùĿ¼¡¢»ò·þÎñÌض¨µÄĿ¼£¨Èç sendmail ʾÀýÖÐµÄ /var/spool/mqueue£©µÄÔ­Òò£¬ÒÔ±ÜÃâ¸ÃÊØ»¤½ø³Ì×èֹжÔز»Ïà¹ØµÄÎļþϵͳ¡£Èç¹û sendmail ´Ó /export/home/sean Ŀ¼Æô¶¯£¬²¢ÇÒûÓн«ÆäĿ¼¸ü¸ÄΪ /var/spool/mqueue£¬ÄÇôÔÚжÔØ /export/home Ç°±ØÐëÖÐÖ¹Ëü¡£

    Èç¹ûÄú¶Ô·Ç×°ÈëµãĿ¼Öдò¿ªµÄÎļþ¸ÐÐËȤ£¬ÄÇô±ØÐëͨ¹ý +d »ò +D Ö¸¶¨¸ÃĿ¼µÄÃû³Æ£¬¾ßÌåʹÓÃÆäÖеÄÄÄÒ»¸ö±ê־ȡ¾öÓÚÄúÐèÒªµÝ¹éµ½×ÓĿ¼£¨+D£©»òÕß²»ÐèÒªµÝ¹éµ½×ÓĿ¼£¨+d£©¡£ÀýÈ磬Ҫ²é¿´ /export/home/sean ÖÐËùÓдò¿ªµÄÎļþ£¬¿ÉÒÔʹÓà lsof +D /export/home/sean¡£ÔÚÇ°ÃæµÄʾÀýÖУ¬Ïà¹ØµÄĿ¼ÊÇÒ»¸ö×°Èëµã£¬¶øÕâÀïÓëÇ°ÃæµÄʾÀý´æÔÚϸ΢µÄ²î±ð£¬²¢ÇÒÏÞÖÆÁË lsof ºÍÄÚºËÖ®¼äµÄ½»»¥¡£Õ⻹»áÒýÆðDZÔÚµÄÎÊÌ⣬¼´ lsof /export/home Óë lsof /export/home/£¨Çë×¢Òâβ²¿µÄб¸Ü£©ÓÐËùÇø±ð¡£µÚÒ»ÖÖ·½Ê½¿ÉÒÔÕý³£¹¤×÷£¬ÒòΪËüÖ¸ÏòÁË×°Èëµã¡£µÚ¶þÖÖ·½Ê½²»»áÉú³ÉÈκÎÊä³ö£¬ÒòΪËüÖ¸ÏòÁËĿ¼¡£Èç¹ûÄúÔÚ Shell ÖÐʹÓà Tab ¼ü×Ô¶¯Íê³ÉÃüÁÄÇô¿ÉÄÜÅöµ½Õâ¸öÎÊÌ⣬ÆäÖлá°ïÖúÄúÌí¼Ó½áβµÄб¸Ü¡£ÔÚÕâÖÖÇé¿öÏ£¬Äú¿ÉÒÔɾ³ýÕâ¸öб¸Ü»òÕßʹÓà +D Ö¸¶¨Ä¿Â¼¡£Ç°ÕßÊÇÊ×Ñ¡µÄ·½·¨£¬ÒòΪÓëÖ¸¶¨ÈÎÒâµÄĿ¼Ïà±È£¬ÆäÖ´ÐÐËٶȸü¿ì¡£

²»³£¼ûµÄÓ÷¨

    ÔÚÇ°ÃæµÄ²¿·ÖÖУ¬ÎÒÃÇÑо¿ÁË lsof µÄ»ù±¾Ó÷¨£¬¼´ÏÔʾ´ò¿ªµÄÎļþºÍ¿ØÖÆËüÃǵĽø³ÌÖ®¼äµÄ¹Øϵ¡£µ±ÄúÏë¶Ôϵͳ½øÐÐһЩ·³ËöµÄ²Ù×÷£¬¶øÓÖ²»Ï£ÍûÆÆ»µ±ðÈËÖØÒªµÄÎĵµÊ±£¬ÕâÖÖ·½·¨ºÜÓаïÖú¡£Äú»¹¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÏàͬµÄ·½·¨Ö´ÐÐһЩ¸ßÄÑ¶ÈµÄ UNIX ²Ù×÷¡£

»Ö¸´É¾³ýµÄÎļþ

    µ± UNIX ¼ÆËã»úÊܵ½ÈëÇÖʱ£¬³£¼ûµÄÇé¿öÊÇÈÕÖ¾Îļþ±»É¾³ý£¬ÒÔÑڸǹ¥»÷ÕßµÄ×Ù¼£¡£¹ÜÀí´íÎóÒ²¿ÉÄܵ¼ÖÂÒâÍâɾ³ýÖØÒªµÄÎļþ£¬±ÈÈçÔÚÇåÀí¾ÉÈÕ־ʱ£¬ÒâÍâµØɾ³ýÁËÊý¾Ý¿âµÄ»î¶¯ÊÂÎñÈÕÖ¾¡£ÓÐʱ¿ÉÒÔ»Ö¸´ÕâЩÎļþ£¬²¢ÇÒ lsof ¿ÉÒÔΪÄúÌṩ°ïÖú¡£

    µ±½ø³Ì´ò¿ªÁËij¸öÎļþʱ£¬Ö»Òª¸Ã½ø³Ì±£³Ö´ò¿ª¸ÃÎļþ£¬¼´Ê¹½«Æäɾ³ý£¬ËüÒÀÈ»´æÔÚÓÚ´ÅÅÌÖС£ÕâÒâζ×Å£¬½ø³Ì²¢²»ÖªµÀÎļþÒѾ­±»É¾³ý£¬ËüÈÔÈ»¿ÉÒÔÏò´ò¿ª¸ÃÎļþʱÌṩ¸øËüµÄÎļþÃèÊö·û½øÐжÁÈ¡ºÍдÈë¡£³ýÁ˸ýø³ÌÖ®Í⣬Õâ¸öÎļþÊDz»¿É¼ûµÄ£¬ÒòΪÒѾ­É¾³ýÁËÆäÏàÓ¦µÄĿ¼ÌõÄ¿¡£

    Ç°ÃæÔøÔÚתµ½ /proc Ŀ¼²¿·ÖÖÐ˵¹ý£¬Í¨¹ýÔÚÊʵ±µÄĿ¼ÖнøÐвéÕÒ£¬Äú¿ÉÒÔ·ÃÎʽø³ÌµÄÎļþÃèÊö·û¡£ÔÚËæºóµÄÄÚÈÝÖУ¬Äú¿´µ½ÁË lsof ¿ÉÒÔÏÔʾ½ø³ÌµÄÎļþÃèÊö·ûºÍÏà¹ØµÄÎļþÃû¡£ÄúÄÜÃ÷°×ÎÒµÄÒâ˼Âð£¿

    µ«Ô¸ËüÕæµÄÕâô¼òµ¥£¡µ±ÄúÏò lsof ´«µÝÎļþÃûʱ£¬±ÈÈçÔÚ lsof /file/I/deleted ÖУ¬ËüÊ×ÏÈʹÓà stat() ϵͳµ÷ÓûñµÃÓйظÃÎļþµÄÐÅÏ¢£¬²»ÐÒµÄÊÇ£¬Õâ¸öÎļþÒѾ­±»É¾³ý¡£ÔÚ²»Í¬µÄ²Ù×÷ϵͳÖУ¬lsof ¿ÉÄÜ¿ÉÒÔ´ÓºËÐÄÄÚ´æÖⶻñ¸ÃÎļþµÄÃû³Æ¡£Çåµ¥ 5 ÏÔʾÁËÒ»¸ö Linux ϵͳ£¬ÆäÖÐÒâÍâµØɾ³ýÁË Apache ÈÕÖ¾£¬ÎÒÕýʹÓà grep ¹¤¾ß²éÕÒÊÇ·ñÓÐÈË´ò¿ªÁ˸ÃÎļþ¡£

Çåµ¥ 5. ÔÚ Linux ÖÐʹÓà lsof ²éÕÒɾ³ýµÄÎļþ

# lsof grep error_log httpd 2452 root 2w REG 33,2 499 3090660 /var/log/httpd/error_log (deleted) httpd 2452 root 7w REG 33,2 499 3090660 /var/log/httpd/error_log (deleted) ... more httpd processes ...

    ÔÚÕâ¸öʾÀýÖУ¬Äú¿ÉÒÔ¿´µ½ PID 2452 ´ò¿ªÎļþµÄÎļþÃèÊö·ûΪ 2£¨±ê×¼´íÎó£©ºÍ 7¡£Òò´Ë£¬¿ÉÒÔÔÚ /proc/2452/fd/7 Öв鿴ÏàÓ¦µÄÐÅÏ¢£¬ÈçÇåµ¥ 6 Ëùʾ¡£

Çåµ¥ 6. ͨ¹ý /proc ²éÕÒɾ³ýµÄÎļþ

# cat /proc/2452/fd/7 [Sun Apr 30 04:02:48 2006] [notice] Digest: generating secret for digest authentication [Sun Apr 30 04:02:48 2006] [notice] Digest: done [Sun Apr 30 04:02:48 2006] [notice] LDAP: Built with OpenLDAP LDAP SDK

    Linux µÄÓŵãÔÚÓÚ£¬Ëü±£´æÁËÎļþµÄÃû³Æ£¬ÉõÖÁ¿ÉÒÔ¸æËßÎÒÃÇËüÒѾ­±»É¾³ý¡£ÔÚÔâµ½ÆÆ»µµÄϵͳÖвéÕÒÏà¹ØÄÚÈÝʱ£¬ÕâÊǷdz£ÓÐÓõÄÄÚÈÝ£¬ÒòΪ¹¥»÷Õßͨ³£»áɾ³ýÈÕÖ¾ÒÔÒþ²ØËûÃǵÄ×Ù¼£¡£Solaris ²¢²»ÌṩÕâЩÐÅÏ¢¡£È»¶ø£¬ÎÒÃÇÖªµÀ httpd ÊØ»¤½ø³ÌʹÓÃÁË error_log Îļþ£¬ËùÒÔ¿ÉÒÔʹÓà ps ÃüÁîÕÒµ½Õâ¸ö PID£¬È»ºó¿ÉÒԲ鿴Õâ¸öÊØ»¤½ø³Ì´ò¿ªµÄËùÓÐÎļþ¡£

Çåµ¥ 7. ÔÚ Solaris ÖвéÕÒɾ³ýµÄÎļþ

# lsof -a -p 8663 -d ^txt COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME httpd 8663 nobody cwd VDIR 136,8 1024 2 / httpd 8663 nobody 0r VCHR 13,2 6815752 /devices/pseudo/mm@0:null httpd 8663 nobody 1w VCHR 13,2 6815752 /devices/pseudo/mm@0:null httpd 8663 nobody 2w VREG 136,8 185 145465 / (/dev/dsk/c0t0d0s0) httpd 8663 nobody 4r DOOR 0t0 58 /var/run/name_service_door (door to nscd[81]) (FA:->0x30002b156c0) httpd 8663 nobody 15w VREG 136,8 185 145465 / (/dev/dsk/c0t0d0s0) httpd 8663 nobody 16u IPv4 0x300046d27c0 0t0 TCP *:80 (LISTEN) httpd 8663 nobody 17w VREG 136,8 0 145466 /var/apache/logs/Access_log httpd 8663 nobody 18w VREG 281,3 0 9518013 /var/run (swap)

    ÎÒʹÓà -a ºÍ -d ²ÎÊý¶ÔÊä³ö½øÐÐɸѡ£¬ÒÔÅųý´úÂë³ÌÐò¶Î£¬ÒòΪÎÒÖªµÀÐèÒª²éÕÒµÄÊÇÄÄЩÎļþ¡£Name ÁÐÏÔʾ³ö£¬ÆäÖеÄÁ½¸öÎļþ£¨FD 2 ºÍ 15£©Ê¹ÓôÅÅÌÃû´úÌæÁËÎļþÃû£¬²¢ÇÒËüÃǵÄÀàÐÍΪ VREG£¨³£¹æÎļþ£©¡£ÔÚ Solaris ÖУ¬É¾³ýµÄÎļþ½«ÏÔʾÎļþËùÔڵĴÅÅ̵ÄÃû³Æ¡£Í¨¹ýÕâ¸öÏßË÷£¬¾Í¿ÉÒÔÖªµÀ¸Ã FD Ö¸ÏòÒ»¸öɾ³ýµÄÎļþ¡£Êµ¼ÊÉÏ£¬²é¿´ /proc/8663/fd/15 ¾Í¿ÉÒԵõ½ËùÒª²éÕÒµÄÊý¾Ý¡£

    Èç¹û¿ÉÒÔͨ¹ýÎļþÃèÊö·û²é¿´ÏàÓ¦µÄÊý¾Ý£¬ÄÇôÄú¾Í¿ÉÒÔʹÓà I/O Öض¨Ïò½«Æ临ÖƵ½ÎļþÖУ¬Èç cat /proc/8663/fd/15 > /tmp/error_log ¡£´Ëʱ£¬Äú¿ÉÒÔÖÐÖ¹¸ÃÊØ»¤½ø³Ì£¨Õ⽫ɾ³ý FD£¬´Ó¶øɾ³ýÏàÓ¦µÄÎļþ£©£¬½«Õâ¸öÁÙʱÎļþ¸´ÖƵ½ËùÐèµÄλÖã¬È»ºóÖØÐÂÆô¶¯¸ÃÊØ»¤½ø³Ì¡£

    ¶ÔÓÚÐí¶àÓ¦ÓóÌÐò£¬ÓÈÆäÊÇÈÕÖ¾ÎļþºÍÊý¾Ý¿â£¬ÕâÖÖ»Ö¸´É¾³ýÎļþµÄ·½·¨·Ç³£ÓÐÓá£ÕýÈçÄúËù¿´µ½µÄ£¬ÓÐЩ²Ù×÷ϵͳ£¨ÒÔ¼°²»Í¬°æ±¾µÄ lsof£©±ÈÆäËûµÄϵͳ¸üÈÝÒײéÕÒÏàÓ¦µÄÊý¾Ý¡£

²éÕÒÍøÂçÁ¬½Ó

    ÍøÂçÁ¬½ÓÒ²ÊÇÎļþ£¬ÕâÒâζ×Å¿ÉÒÔʹÓà lsof »ñµÃ¹ØÓÚËüÃǵÄÐÅÏ¢¡£ÄúÔøÔÚÇåµ¥ 2 Öп´µ½¹ýÕâÑùµÄʾÀý¡£¸ÃʾÀý¼ÙÉèÄúÒѾ­ÖªµÀ PID£¬µ«ÊÇÓÐʱºò²¢·ÇÈç´Ë¡£Èç¹ûÄúÖ»ÖªµÀÏàÓ¦µÄ¶Ë¿Ú£¬ÄÇô¿ÉÒÔʹÓà -i ²ÎÊýÀûÓÃÌ×½Ó×ÖÐÅÏ¢½øÐÐËÑË÷¡£Çåµ¥ 8 ÏÔʾÁË¶Ô TCP ¶Ë¿Ú 25 µÄËÑË÷¡£

Çåµ¥ 8. ²éÕÒ¼àÌý¶Ë¿Ú 25 µÄ½ø³Ì

# lsof -i :25 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME sendmail 605 root 5u IPv4 0x300010ea640 0t0 TCP *:smtp (LISTEN) sendmail 605 root 6u IPv6 0x3000431c180 0t0 TCP *:smtp (LISTEN)

    ÐèÒªÒÔ protocol:@ip:port µÄÐÎʽÏò lsof ʵÓóÌÐò´«µÝÏà¹ØÐÅÏ¢£¬ÆäÖÐµÄ protocol Ϊ TCP »ò UDP£¨¿ÉÒÔʹÓà 4 »ò 6 ×÷Ϊǰ׺£¬±íʾ IP µÄ°æ±¾£©£¬IP Ϊ¿É½âÎöµÄÃû³Æ»ò IP µØÖ·£¬¶ø port ΪÊý×Ö»ò±íʾ¸Ã·þÎñµÄÃû³Æ£¨À´×Ô /etc/services£©¡£ÐèÒªÒ»¸ö»ò¶à¸öÔªËØ£¨¶Ë¿Ú¡¢IP¡¢Ð­Ò飩¡£ÔÚÇåµ¥ 8 ÖУ¬:25 ±íʾ¶Ë¿Ú 25¡£Êä³öÏÔʾ£¬½ø³Ì 605 ÕýÔÚʹÓà IPv6 ºÍ IPv4 ¼àÌý¶Ë¿Ú 25¡£Èç¹ûÄú¶Ô IPv4 ²»¸ÐÐËȤ£¬ÄÇô¿ÉÒÔ½«É¸Ñ¡Æ÷¸ÄΪ 6:25£¬ÒÔ±íʾ¼àÌý¶Ë¿Ú 25 µÄ IPv6 Ì×½Ó×Ö£¬»òÕßÖ±½ÓʹÓà 6 ±íʾËùÓÐµÄ IPv6 Á¬½Ó¡£

    ³ýÁËÏÔʾ³öÕâЩÊØ»¤½ø³ÌÕýÔÚ¼àÌýµÄ¶ÔÏó£¬lsof »¹¿ÉÒÔ·¢ÏÖ·¢ÉúµÄÁ¬½Ó£¬Í¬ÑùÊÇʹÓà -i ²ÎÊý¡£Çåµ¥ 9 ÏÔʾÁËËÑË÷Óë 192.168.1.10 Ö®¼äµÄËùÓÐÁ¬½Ó¡£

Çåµ¥ 9. ËÑË÷»î¶¯µÄÁ¬½Ó

# lsof -i @192.168.1.10 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME sshd 1934 root 6u IPv6 0x300046d21c0 0t1303608 TCP sun:ssh->linux:40379 (ESTABLISHED) sshd 1937 root 4u IPv6 0x300046d21c0 0t1303608 TCP sun:ssh->linux:40379 (ESTABLISHED)

    ÔÚÕâ¸öʾÀýÖУ¬sun ºÍ linux Ö®¼äÓÐÁ½¸ö IPv6 Á¬½Ó¡£¶ÔÆä½øÐиü×ÐϸµÄÑо¿¿ÉÒÔ¿´³ö£¬ÕâЩÁ¬½ÓÀ´×ÔÓÚÁ½¸ö²»Í¬µÄ½ø³Ì£¬µ«ËüÃÇÈ´ÊÇÏàͬµÄ£¬ÕâÊÇÒòΪÁ½Ì¨Ö÷»úÊÇÏàͬµÄ£¬²¢ÇҶ˿ÚÒ²ÊÇÏàͬµÄ£¨ssh ºÍ 40379£©¡£ÕâÊÇÓÉÓÚ½øÈëÖ÷½ø³ÌµÄÁ¬½Ó·Ö²æ³öÒ»¸ö´¦Àí³ÌÐò£¬²¢½«¸ÃÌ×½Ó×Ö´«µÝ¸øËü¡£Äú»¹¿ÉÒÔ¿´µ½£¬ÃûΪ sun µÄ¼ÆËã»úÕýÔÚʹÓÃ¶Ë¿Ú 22 (ssh)£¬¶ø linux ¾ßÓÐ¶Ë¿Ú 40379¡£Õâ±íʾ£¬sun ÊǸÃÁ¬½ÓµÄ½ÓÊÕÕߣ¬ÒòΪËü¹ØÁªÓڸ÷þÎñµÄÒÑÖª¶Ë¿Ú¡£40379 ÊÇÔ´»òÁÙʱ¶Ë¿Ú£¬²¢ÇÒ½ö¶ÔÕâ¸öÁ¬½ÓÓÐÒâÒå¡£

    ÒòΪ£¬ÖÁÉÙÔÚ UNIX ÖУ¬Ì×½Ó×ÖÊÇÁíÒ»ÀàÎļþ£¬ËùÒÔ lsof ¿ÉÒÔ»ñµÃ¹ØÓÚÕâЩÁ¬½ÓµÄÏêϸÐÅÏ¢£¬²¢ÕÒ³öË­¶ÔËüÃǸºÔð¡£

½áÊøÓï

    UNIX ´óÁ¿Ê¹ÓÃÁËÎļþ¡£×÷Ϊϵͳ¹ÜÀíÔ±£¬lsof ÔÊÐíÄú¶ÔºËÐÄÄÚ´æ½øÐв鿴£¬ÒÔÕÒ³öϵͳµ±Ç°ÈçºÎʹÓÃÕâЩÎļþ¡£lsof ×î¼òµ¥µÄÓ÷¨¿ÉÒÔ¸æËßÄúÄÄЩ½ø³Ì´ò¿ªÁËÄÄЩÎļþ£¬ÒÔ¼°ÄÄЩÎļþÓÉÄÄЩ½ø³Ì´ò¿ª¡£ÔÚÊÕ¼¯¹ØÓÚÓ¦ÓóÌÐò¹¤×÷Çé¿öµÄÐÅϢʱ£¬»òÔÚ½øÐÐijЩ¿ÉÄÜËð»µÊý¾ÝµÄ²Ù×÷Ç°È·±£Îļþδ±»Ê¹ÓÃʱ£¬ÕâÒ»µãÌرðÖØÒªlsof ¸ü¸ß¼¶µÄÓ÷¨¿ÉÒÔ°ïÖúÄú²éÕÒɾ³ýµÄÎļþ£¬²¢»ñµÃ¹ØÓÚÍøÂçÁ¬½ÓµÄÐÅÏ¢¡£ÕâÊÇÒ»¸ö¹¦ÄÜÇ¿´óµÄ¹¤¾ß£¬Ëü¼¸ºõ¿ÉÒÔÓÃÓÚÈκεط½¡£

£¨³ö´¦£ºhttp://www.sheup.com£©