作者: Roast DUCk [文章出自: www.PHPx.com]也谈tar命令http://www.chinaunix.net 作者:dadaball 发表于：2003-09-24 21:28:02怎样使用tar命令打包（备份）文件？A:The syntax of tar is:tar [options][files]The options used most often with tar are as follows:c Creates a new backup,overwriting any files already on the backup destination.x Extracts files from backup media.t Lists the contents of backup media.v Displays the name of each file being processed.f Creates backups on a specified device.u Adds files to the backup if they are not already there,or if they have been modified since they were last written on the backup.步骤：1）估算打包文件的大小，确定使用档案媒体（archive media）的空间，用命令du -s例如：$ lfa.out* fork.c mbox time.catoi.c int.c memcpy.c vi$ du -s296 .$该例显示的296代表the total number of 512-byte blocks,计算：512*296/1024=148kilobytes.2）制作备份，用命令tar cvf /dev/fd0135ds18 .(将该目录下的所有内容备份到1.44英寸软盘中where c causes a new backup to be created,v causes each file to be displayed as the backing up takes place,and f causes the subsequent argument--/dev/fd0135ds18 to be the destination of the backup.)注：平时硬盘上的备份，我们一般用命令tar cvf filename.tar .例如：$ tar cvf wuyd.tar .a ./.profile 2 tape blocksa ./.lastlogin 0 tape blocksa ./mbox 10 tape blocksa ./fork.c 2 tape blocksa ./memcpy.c 1 tape blocksa ./.sh_history 3 tape blocksa ./a.out 91 tape blocksa ./time.c 1 tape blocksa ./vi 169 tape blocksa ./int.c 1 tape blocksa ./atoi.c 1 tape blockstar: same as archive file: ./wuyd.tara ./.scoadmin.pref 1 tape blocks$ lfa.out* fork.c mbox time.c wuyd.taratoi.c int.c memcpy.c vi我们还可以用命令tar cvf /dev/fd0135ds18 ./filename将该目录下的名为filename的文件备份到archive media中怎样列出tar文档的内容？A:tar tvf /dev/fd0135ds18tar tvf filename.tar例如：$ tar tvf wuyd.tartar: blocksize = 20rw-------203/50 896 Sep 17 15:07 2003 ./.profiler--------203/21 0 Sep 24 19:49 2003 ./.lastloginrw-------203/50 4720 Sep 21 11:17 2003 ./mboxrw-r--r--203/50 583 Sep 17 15:27 2003 ./fork.crw-r--r--203/50 218 Sep 17 20:22 2003 ./memcpy.crw-------203/50 1474 Sep 24 20:26 2003 ./.sh_historyrwxr-xr-x203/50 46224 Sep 22 21:00 2003 ./a.outrw-r--r--203/50 341 Sep 19 09:02 2003 ./time.crw-r--r--203/50 86283 Sep 21 09:14 2003 ./virw-r--r--203/50 93 Sep 21 10:53 2003 ./int.crw-r--r--203/50 144 Sep 22 21:00 2003 ./atoi.crw-r--r-- 0/3 41 Sep 23 20:34 2003 ./.scoadmin.pref$怎样从tar文档中导出文件？A:tar xvf /dev/fd0135ds18tar xvf filename.tar例如：$ mkdir uu;cp wuyd.tar ./uu$ lfa.out* fork.c mbox time.c viatoi.c int.c memcpy.c uu/ wuyd.tar$ cd uu$ tar xvf wuyd.tartar: blocksize = 20x ./.profile, 896 bytes, 2 tape blocksx ./.lastlogin, 0 bytes, 0 tape blocksx ./mbox, 4720 bytes, 10 tape blocksx ./fork.c, 583 bytes, 2 tape blocksx ./memcpy.c, 218 bytes, 1 tape blocksx ./.sh_history, 1474 bytes, 3 tape blocksx ./a.out, 46224 bytes, 91 tape blocksx ./time.c, 341 bytes, 1 tape blocksx ./vi, 86283 bytes, 169 tape blocksx ./int.c, 93 bytes, 1 tape blocksx ./atoi.c, 144 bytes, 1 tape blocksx ./.scoadmin.pref, 41 bytes, 1 tape blocks$我们可用命令tar xvf /dev/fd0135ds18 ./filename导出archive media中的单个文件例如：$ lfwuyd.tar$ tar xvf wuyd.tar ./time.ctar: blocksize = 20x ./time.c, 341 bytes, 1 tape blocks$ lftime.c wuyd.tar$怎样使用tar命令提供的简写形式？A:$ more /etc/default/tar# @(#) def135.src 25.2 94/07/25## Copyright (C) 1987-1994 The Santa Cruz Operation, Inc.# All Rights Reserved.# The information in this file is provided for the exclusive use of# the licensees of The Santa Cruz Operation, Inc. Such users have the# right to use, modify, and incorporate this code into other products# for purposes authorized by the license agreement provided they include# this notice and the associated copyright notice with any such product.# The information in this file is provided "AS IS" without warranty.## default/tar - archive devices: tar(C)## device block size tape#archive0=/dev/rfd048ds9 18 360 narchive1=/dev/rfd148ds9 18 360 narchive2=/dev/rfd096ds15 10 1200 narchive3=/dev/rfd196ds15 10 1200 n# archive4=/dev/rfd096ds9 18 720 narchive4=/dev/rfd0135ds9 18 720 narchive5=/dev/rfd1135ds9 18 720 n# archive5=/dev/rfd196ds9 18 720 narchive6=/dev/rfd0135ds18 18 1440 narchive7=/dev/rfd1135ds18 18 1440 narchive8=/dev/rct0 20 0 yarchive9=/dev/rctmini 20 0 yarchive10=/dev/rdsk/fp03d 18 720 narchive11=/dev/rdsk/fp03h 18 1440 narchive12=/dev/rdsk/fp03v21 10 20330 n## The default device in the absence of a numeric or "-f device" argumentarchive=/dev/rfd0135ds18 18 1440 n$从上面可以看出4代表/dev/rfd0135ds9设备，而默认的设备是/dev/rfd0135ds18，所以tar xvf /dev/rfd0135ds9 ./filename可以简写为tar xv4 ./filename,而tar cvf /dev/fd0135ds18 .可以简写为tar cv .
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