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WEB服务器Apache编译指南及高级技巧

  一 本文目的   本文旨在详述如何编译Apache,OpenSSL,ModSSL,MM,Mod_Perl,PHP,Zend,mysql和Oracle支持及其可能遇到的问题,和一些常用的加速编译和提高工作效率的技巧。     二 工作环境   Redhat Linux OS 6.x/7.x     三 编译过程   1. 所需的软件     MM 1.1.3 http://www.engelschall.com/sw/mm/   OpenSSL 0.9.6d www.openssl.org   ModSSL 2.8.10_1.3.26 www.modssl.org   Apache 1.3.26 www.apache.org   MySQL 3.23.51 www.mysql.com   PHP 4.2.1/3.0.18 www.php.net   Zend Optimizer 1.3.1 https://www.zend.com/store/freeware.php   Mod_Perl 1.27 http://perl.apache.org/dist/   Oracle 8.1.7 www.oracle.com     2. 开始编译     a. 首先编译MM (可选)     cd ../mm-1.1.3   ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mm (单独的目录便于区别)   make   make test   make install     b. 编译OpenSSL (http: 可选 https:必需)     cd ../openssl-0.9.6d   ./config no-threads -fPIC   make   make test   make install     注:no-threads 没有多线程支持,因为Apache 1.3.x不用多线程。     c. 编译Mod_SSL (http: 可选 https:必需)     cd mod_ssl-2.8.10-1.3.26   ./configure --with-apache=../apache_1.3.26     d. 编译Apache     d1 最大子进程限制修补 (可选)     cd ../apache_1.3.26   vi src/include/httpd.h   change value 256 to 1024 or above     d2 为后来的PHP带Oracle支持作准备 (可选)     如果你要编译PHP带Oracle支持,你要修改Apache编译文件configure加下面的行 LIBS=-lpthread在   for var in CFLAGS LDFLAGS LIBS INCLUDES DEPS; do   前面,如下所示     LIBS=-lpthread   for var in CFLAGS LDFLAGS LIBS INCLUDES DEPS; do     注:忘记了加LIBS=-lpthread,你可以   # cd /usr/src/apache_1.3.26   # make clean   # LIBS=-lpthread ./config.status   # make   # make install     d3 编译Apache     EAPI_MM=../mm-1.1.3 SSL_BASE=../openssl-0.9.6d ./configure   --prefix=/usr/local/apache_ssl --enable-module=most --enable-shared=max --enable-module=rewrite --enable-shared=rewrite --enable-module=proxy --enable-shared=proxy --enable-module=ssl --enable-shared=ssl   make   make certificate (TYPE=test by default)   make install   strip /usr/local/apache_ssl/bin/*     注:   d3.1 如果你只是为了测试SSL,可用上面的命令,因为默认是为了测试。   d3.2 如果你升级正在运行的SSL站点,可用make certificate TYPE=dummy,最后拷贝已经在用的ssl.crt/server.crt 和   ssl.key/server.key。   d3.3 在make install之前,可用命令ldd src/httpd 看有没有输出libpthread以确认前面有没有enable LIBS=-lpthread。   d3.4 strip 所有的apache可执行文件包括httpd以节省内存空间。     e 编译MySQL     shell> groupadd mysql   shell> useradd -g mysql mysql   shell> cd /usr/local   shell> gunzip < /path/to/mysql-VERSION-OS.tar.gz tar xvf -   shell> ln -s full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS mysql   shell> cd mysql   shell> scripts/mysql_install_db   shell> chown -R root .   shell> chown -R mysql data   shell> chgrp -R mysql .   shell> bin/safe_mysqld --user=mysql &     shutdown MySQL: cd /usr/local/mysql;bin/mysqladmin shutdown     f 编译PHP     ./configure --with-apxs=/usr/local/apache_ssl/bin/apxs --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-zlib --disable-debug --enable-track-vars --with-XML --with-gdbm --enable-sysvsem --enable-sysvshm --with-openssl=/usr/local/ssl --with-mm=/usr/local/mm --enable-FTP     如果需要Oracle支持,再加上--with-oracle=/home/oracle/oracle8 --with-oci8=/home/oracle/oracle8 --enable-sigchild (假定Oracle home 目录是/home/oracle/oracle8)     make   make install   cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/apache_ssl/conf/php.ini   加下面的部分到/usr/local/apache_ssl/conf/httpd.conf     AddType application/x-httpd-php .php   AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps     加下面的部分到 /usr/local/apache_ssl/bin/apachectl     PHPRC=/usr/local/apache_ssl/conf   eXPort PHPRC   LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib   export LD_LIBRARY     上面的LD_LIBRARY部分如果不加,当你编译PHP带Oracle支持,启动Apache时你可能会得到错误信息如下 libclntsh.so.8.0:not found     如果仍然有oracle问题,可能你需要全部的Oracle环境变量放入apachectl中,如下例:     . /etc/profile   TWO_TASK=asdbs; export TWO_TASK   ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/oracle8; export ORACLE_HOME   ORACLE_BASE=/home/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE   LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/local/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH   ulimit unlimited   ulimit -n 32768   umask 002   PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin;export PATH     g 安装Zend Optimizer     #cd /usr/local/apache_ssl/libexec   #cp /path/to/ZendOptimizer-1.1.0-PHP_4.0.5-Linux_glibc21-i386/ZendOptimizer.so .     然后加下面的部分到/usr/local/apache_ssl/conf/php.ini     zend_optimizer.optimization_level=15   zend_extension="/usr/local/apache/libexec/ZendOptimizer.so"     h 编译Mod_Perl     # cd mod_perl-1.27   # perl Makefile.PL USE_APXS=1 WITH_APXS=/usr/local/apache_ssl/bin/apxs EVERYTHING=1   # make   # make test   # make install   # mkdir /usr/local/apache_ssl/perl     Add the following single line to /usr/local/apache_ssl/conf/httpd.conf   Include conf/mod_perl.conf   the content of mod_perl.conf is as follows:   -------------------------------   # Typical for plain cgi scripts:   ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/local/apache_ssl/perl/   # Typical for Apache::Registry scripts:   Alias /perl/ /usr/local/apache_ssl/perl/   # Typical for Apache::PerlRun scripts:   Alias /cgi-perl/ /usr/local/apache_ssl/perl/     PerlModule Apache::Registry   <Location /perl>   SetHandler perl-script   PerlHandler Apache::Registry   Options +ExecCGI   PerlSendHeader On   allow from all   </Location>   -------------------------------   注:常见的perl script 问题。     How to write Perl script?     a. standard perl script   #!/usr/bin/perl   print "Content-Type: text/Html\n\n";     b. CGI perl script   use strict;   use CGI qw(:all);   print header;     b. print "Location: URL"; and print header; problem?   当你要用print "Location: URL" 功能时,你不能有任何print header;语句在print "Location: URL"之前。     use strict;   use CGI qw(:all);     print "Location: http://www.linuxforum.net";     print header;   print "This is a testing html page\n\n";     否则象下面这样print "Location: http://www.linuxforum.net";不将工作。   use strict;   use CGI qw(:all);   print header;   print "Location: http://www.linuxforum.net";       i 修改Apache配置文件中的模块位置     当你编译SSL后再编译PHP和Mod_Perl时,PHP和Mod_Perl模块包含在Ifdefine SSL中,也就是只有启动SSL时才会载入PHP和Mod_Perl,让我们修改它如下:     LoadModule php4_module libexec/libphp4.so   LoadModule perl_module libexec/libperl.so   <IfDefine SSL>   LoadModule ssl_module libexec/libssl.so   </IfDefine>     AddModule mod_php4.c   AddModule mod_perl.c   <IfDefine SSL>   AddModule mod_ssl.c   </IfDefine>     j 配置及启动Apache     #/usr/local/apache_ssl/bin/apachectl start   #/usr/local/apache_ssl/bin/apachectl st
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