¡¡¡¡ÍøÂçÁ÷Á¿·ÖÎö(Ò»)
ÔÖø: Karen Frederick
·Òë:ÍÁ±î(ISHTAR
[email protected])
·¢±íÈÕÆÚ:2001/01/29
·¢±íµØµã:www.securityfocus.net
ÒÔÍù¹ØÓÚÈëÇÖ·ÖÎöµÄÎÄÕ¶¼°Ñ×¢ÒâÁ¦¼¯ÖÐÔÚ¿ÉÒɵÄÊý¾Ý°ü(TCP°ü»òÕß±£ÁôµÄIPµØÖ·)ÉÏ.µ«ÊÇŪÇå³þʲôÊÇÕý³£µÄÍøÂçÊý¾ÝÁ÷Ò²ÊǷdz£ÖØÒªµÄ.ÖªµÀʲôÊÇÕý³£Êý¾ÝÁ÷×îºÃµÄ°ì·¨¾ÍÊÇÏȲúÉúһЩÕý³£µÄÊý¾ÝÁ÷,È»ºóÀ¹½ØÊý¾Ý°ü½øÐзÖÎö.ÔÚ±¾ÎÄÖÐ,±¾È˽éÉÜһЩ½Ø»ñÊý¾Ý°üµÄ¹¤¾ß²¢¶Ô½Ø»ñÊý¾Ý½øÐÐһЩ·ÖÎö,˳´ø˵һÏ·ÇÕý³£µÄÊý¾ÝÁ÷.ѧϰ±¾ÎĵÄÇ°ÌáÔÚÓÚÄãÒѾÓÐTCP/IPµÄ»ù´¡.
ÏÖÔÚÒѾÓÐÁË ºÜ¶à½Ø»ñÊý¾Ý°üµÄ¹¤¾ß,×îÓÐÃûµÄÊÇUNIXϵÄTCPDUMPºÍWINDOWSÏÂÃæµÄWINDUMP.ÎÒÔÚ×Ô¼º¼Ò98µÄ»úÆ÷ÉÏÓùýWINDUMP2.1,ÓÃCABLE MODEMÉÏÍøÀ¹½ØÊý¾Ý°ü,²»¹ýÐèÒªÖ¸³öµÄÊÇ:δ¾ÊÚȨ¶øÀ¹½ØÊý¾Ý°üʱÄã¿ÉǧÍòҪСÐÄ°¡.
WINDUMP»ù´¡
WINDUMPʹÓÃÆðÀ´ºÜ¼òµ¥,ÔÚËüµÄÕ¾µãÉÏÄã¿ÉÒÔÕÒµ½Ê¹ÓÃÎļþ.ÎÒ¾³£ÓõÄÃüÁîÊÇWINDUMP ¨CN ¨CS,»òÕßWINDUMP ¨Cn ¨CS ¨Cv »òÕßWINDUMP ¨Cn-S-vv.-NÊDz»ÏÔʾ¼ÆËã»úÃû¶øÖ±½ÓÏÔʾIPµØÖ·;-SÊÇÏÔʾTCP/IPµÄʵ¼Ê½ø³ÌÊý,Èç¹û²»Ñ¡ÔñÕâ¸öÑ¡Ïî,¿ÉÄܳöÏֵľÍÊǽüËÆÖµ,±ÈÈç:Èç¹ûÏÖÔڵĽø³ÌÊýÊÇ87334271,ÏÂÒ»Ãë±ä³ÉÁ˶àÁËÒ»¸ö,¾Í»áÏÔʾ³öÀ´ÊÇ87334272.-VºÍ-VVÊÇÈûúÆ÷ÏÔʾ¸ü¼ÓÈ«ÃæµÄÐÅÏ¢,ÏÔʾÖîÈç´æ»îʱ¼ä/IPµÄIDµÈÐÅÏ¢.
ÔÚ¿ªÊ¼ÆÊÎöÀý×Ó֮ǰ,ÎÒÃÇÏÈ¿´Ò»ÏÂWINDUMP¼Ç¼µÄ²»Í¬ÖÖÀàµÄÊý¾Ý°ü,ÕâÀïÓÐÒ»¸öTCPµÄÀý×Ó,
13:45:19.184932 sshserver.xx.yy.zz.22 > mypc.xx.yy.zz.3164: P 4138420250:4138420282(32) ack
87334272 win 32120 (DF)
13:45:19.184932 [timestamp] sshserver.xx.yy.zz.22 [source address and port] >
mypc.xx.yy.zz.3164: [destination address and port] P [TCP flags] 4138420250:4138420282
[sequence numbers] (32) [bytes of data] ack 87334272 [acknowledgment flag and number] win
32120 [window size] (DF) [don't fragment flag is set]
and then gives the number of data bytes in the packet:
ÏÂÒ»¸öÊÇUDPµÄÀý×Ó,ÀïÃæÒ²ÊǸÃÓеÄÈ«ÓÐÁË:ʱ´Á/Êý¾ÝÔ´µØÖ·ºÍ¶Ë¿Ú/Ä¿µÄµØµØÖ·ºÍ¶Ë¿Ú,×îºó»¹Õй©ÁËʹÓõÄÐÒé(UDP)ºÍÊý¾Ý°üÀïÃæµÄÊý¾ÝÊý
15:19:14.490029 208.148.96.68.23079 > mypc.xx.yy.zz.6976: udp 401
ICMP°ü¸ñʽҲÊÇÀàËƵÄ,Ö»ÊÇ×¢ÒâÒ»ÏÂ×îºó,³öÏÖÁË´æ»îʱ¼äºÍIPµÄID,µ±È»,ÄãҪʹÓÃ-VÑ¡Ïî
18:33:45.649204 mypc.xx.yy.zz > 64.208.34.100: icmp: echo request (ttl 4, id 56693)
×îºó,WINDUMPÒ²×¥»ñARPÇëÇóºÍ»Ø¸´.ÎÒÃÇÀ´¿´¿´:µÚÒ»ÐÐÊÇARPÇëÇó;ÔÚÕâ¸öÀý×ÓÀï,MYPC°ÑMACµØַΪ24.167.235.1µÄ»úÆ÷ÐÅÏ¢·¢ËÍMYPC.XX.YY.ZZ(MYPCµÄIPµØÖ·),µÚ¶þÐÐÔòÏÔʾÁËARP»Ø¸´,°üº¬×Å24.167.235.1Õâ¸öMACµØÖ·.
13:45:13.836036 arp who-has 24.167.235.1 tell mypc.xx.yy.zz
13:45:13.841823 arp reply 24.167.235.1 is-at 0:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx
UDPºÍICMPÀý×Ó
ÉÏÃæÎÒÃÇÒѾ¿´¹ýÁËWINDUMPµÄ¼Ç¼¸ñʽ,½ÓÏÂÀ´ÎÒÃÇ¿´¿´Êý¾Ý°ü:MYPCʹÓÃDHCPÀ´»ñµÃIPµØÖ·,¶øDHCP×âÓÃÊǶ¨Ê±¸üеÄ,Õâ¸ö¹ý³ÌÊÇ´ÓMYPCµÄ68¶Ë¿Úµ½DHCP»úÆ÷µÄ67¶Ë¿Ú,È»ºóÓÉDHCP·þÎñÆ÷»ØË͵½MYPC
18:47:02.667860 mypc.xx.yy.zz.68 > dnsserver.xx.yy.zz.67: xid:0x8d716e0f C:mypc.xx.yy.zz [bootp]
18:47:03.509471 dnsserver.xx.yy.zz.67 > mypc.xx.yy.zz.68: xid:0x8d716e0f C:mypc.xx.yy.zz
Y:mypc.xx.yy.zz [bootp]
WINDUMPµÄÒ»¸öºÃ´¦¾ÍÔÚÓÚËü¿ÉÒÔ×Ô¶¯Ê¶±ðÐÒéºÍ¼Ç¼µÄÆäËûÐÅÏ¢,ÔÚÕâ¸öÀý×ÓÀï,Ëû¾Íʶ±ð³öÕâÊÇÒ»¸öBOOTP,ËùÒÔËü²»½ö¼Ç¼Á˱ê×¼µÄUDP¼Ç¼,¶øÇҼǼÁËBOOTPµÄÌض¨ÐÅÏ¢:XID,C,Y.
ÏÖÔÚÎÒÃÇÀ´¿´¿´Ò»Ð©ICMPÊý¾Ý:Ò»¸öÀý×Ó¾ÍÊÇÄãÔÚ98»úÆ÷ÉÏʹÓÃTRACERTÃüÁîʱ³öÏÖµÄÊý¾ÝÁ÷,WINDOWSʹÓÃICMPÀ´Ê¶±ðϵͳ֮¼äµÄÌø(UNIXÔòʹÓÃUDP).
WINDOWSÔÚÖ´ÐзÓÉ×·×ÙʱÏÈÏòÄ¿µÄÖ÷»ú·¢ËÍ3¸öICMP°ü,½«´æ»îʱ¼äÉèΪ1,ÕâÒâζ×ŵ±Êý¾Ý°üµ½´ïµÚÒ»Ìøʱ,ÊýÖµ»á½µÎª0.´Ëʱ.µÚÒ»ÌøµÄ»úÆ÷»á½«ICMP³¬Ê±´íµÄÐÅÏ¢»ØË͵½Ö÷»ú,Ö÷»ú¾ÍÔÙ·¢³ö3¸öICMP°ü,½«ÌøÊýÉèΪ2,ËùÒÔÕâ»á¾Í¿ÉÒÔÔÚʱÑÓ½áÊøÇ°µ½´ïµÚ¶þÌøµÄ»úÆ÷,µÚ¶þÌøµÄ»úÆ÷¾ÍÓÖ½«Ê±ÑÓ´í»ØË͵½Ö÷»ú,Ö÷»úÖØÐÂÔÙ·¢ICMP°ü,Èç´ËÕâ°ã,Ö±µ½ÕÒµ½Ä¿±ê»ú»òÕßÖмäÓÐÒ»¹Ø½«Êý¾ÝÁ÷½Ø¶ÏΪֹ.
[1] [2] [3] ÏÂÒ»Ò³
which is one of the intermediate network devices between mypc and 64.208.34.100.
ÕâÀï¾ÍÓÐÒ»¸ö·ÓÉ×·×ÙµÄÀý×Ó,ICMPµÄʱÑÓÖµÒѾ±»ÉèΪ1,2,3¶øÇÒ¶¼ÒѾ¹ýÆÚ,ÓÉÓÚÉÐδµ½´ï×îÖÕÄ¿µÄ»ú,WINDOWS¿ªÊ¼·¢ËÍʱÑÓÉèΪ4µÄICMP°ü,ÕâÀïÊǵÚÒ»¸öÊý¾Ý°üºÍ»Ø¸´ ,Çë×¢ÒâËäÈ»µÚÒ»¸öÊý¾Ý°üµÄÄ¿µÄµØÖ·ÊÇ64.208.34.100,»Ø¸´È´À´×ÔÓÚ24.95.80.133,ÕâÊÇMYPCºÍ64.208.34.100Ö®¼äµÄÒ»¸öÍøÂçÉèÊ©µÄµØÖ·.
18:33:45.649204 mypc.xx.yy.zz > 64.208.34.100: icmp: echo request (ttl 4, id 56693)
18:33:45.668638 24.95.80.133 > mypc.xx.yy.zz: icmp: time exceeded in-transit (ttl 252, id 0)
ÔÚÊÕµ½Ê±ÑÓ´íÎóÐÅÏ¢µÄǧ·ÖÖ®Ò»ÃëÄÚ,MYPC·¢³öºóÐøµÄICMP°ü,ÔÚÊÕµ½Êý¾Ý°üµÄ´íÎóÐÅϢʱ,»úÆ÷Á¢¼´·¢ËͳöµÚÈý¸öICMP°ü:
18:33:45.669968 mypc.xx.yy.zz > 64.208.34.100: icmp: echo request (ttl 4, id 56949)
18:33:45.690719 24.95.80.133 > mypc.xx.yy.zz: icmp: time exceeded in-transit (ttl 252, id 0)
18:33:45.691863 mypc.xx.yy.zz > 64.208.34.100: icmp: echo request (ttl 4, id 57205)
18:33:45.710787 24.95.80.133 > mypc.xx.yy.zz: icmp: time exceeded in-transit (ttl 252, id 0)
Çë×¢ÒâÕâЩÊý¾ÝÏ൱½üËÆ,Ö»ÊÇÿһ¸öICMP»ØÓ¦ÇëÇóÖÐIPµÄIDºÅ²»Í¬,ÕâµãºÜÖØÒª,ÎÒÃÇÓ¦¸Ã¶ÔIPµÄIDºÅÀ×ͬµÄÏÖÏóÒýÆð¸ß¶ÈµÄÖØÊÓ.
¼ì²âSSH½ø³Ì
SSHÊÇÒ»¸ö¸ü¼ÓµäÐ͵ÄÊý¾ÝÁ÷.ÎÒÔÚ¹¤×÷Õ¾ÉÏ×°Á˸öSSHµÄ¿Í»§²¢Á¬½Óµ½Ò»¸ö¿ªÁË°³ÕÊ»§µÄ»úÆ÷ÉÏ.
ÎÒÓÐÓÃÓÚÁ¬½Óµ½SSH·þÎñÆ÷ÉϵÄSSHµÄ¿Í»§¶ËÈí¼þ.ÎҵĻúÆ÷²¢²»Ö±µ½SSH·þÎñÆ÷µÄIPµØÖ·,ËùÒÔËûÐèÒªDNSµÄ·þÎñ,²»ÐÒµÄÊÇ,ÎҵĻúÆ÷ÉÏÓÖʹ²»ÁËDNS,ËùÒÔû°ì·¨µÄ°ì·¨Ö®Ò»¾ÍÊÇÏÈʹARPÈ¡µÃĬÈÏÍø¹ØµÄMACµØÖ·.
13:45:13.836036 arp who-has gateway.xx.yy.zz tell mypc.xx.yy.zz
13:45:13.841823 arp reply gateway.xx.yy.zz is-at 0:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx
would eXPect with a DNS query:
ÏÖÔÚ¿ÉÒÔÁ¬½Óµ½Íø¹ØÉÏÁË,MYPC¿ÉÒÔ·¢³öÈçÏÂËùʾµÄDNSÇëÇó,Çë×¢ÒâMYPCʹÓÃÁË´óÓÚ1023µÄ¶Ë¿Ú,ÒªÇó½¨Á¢µ½DNSµÄ53¶Ë¿ÚµÄÁ¬½Ó,ÕâÖÖÇëÇóʹÓõÄÊÇUDPÐÒé
13:45:13.841920 mypc.xx.yy.zz.3163 > dnsserver.xx.yy.zz.53: 1+ A? sshserver. (32)
DNSÇëÇóµÄ½á¹ûÊÇ¡±1+A SSHSERVER¡±,ÎÒÃÇ¿ÉÒÔÈÏΪÕâÊÇÒ»¸öIPµØÖ·µÄ½ø³Ì,ÒòΪAºÍ+Ö¤Ã÷ÎÒÃÇÒªÇóµÄÊÇÒ»¸öÑ»·½ø³Ì,1ÊÇDNSÇëÇóÊý,ÓÃÓÚÆ¥ÅäDNSµÄÇëÇóºÍ»Ø¸´,SSHSERVERÔòÊÇÎÒÃÇÒª½âÎöµÄÃû×Ö
ÒÔÏÂÊÇDNS·þÎñÆ÷µÄ»ØÓ¦:
13:45:13.947208 dnsserver.xx.yy.zz.53 > mypc.xx.yy.zz.3163: 1 q: sshserver. 3/4/6 sshserver. CNAME
ssh2server., ssh2server. CNAME ssh3server., ssh3server. A sshserver.xx.yy.zz (283)
»Ø¸´Çé¿öÓÉ"1 q: sshserver. 3/4/6"ÌåÏÖ,1ÊÇDNSµÄ½ø³ÌÐòºÅ, "q: sshserver."ÊÇÏÔʾÎÒÃǵÄÇëÇó,3/4/6ÊÇÏÔʾÓÐ3¸ö»Ø¸´,4¸ö±ê×¼¼Ç¼ºÍ6¸ö¶îÍâ¼Ç¼,ºÍSSHSERVERÁ¬½ÓµÄIPµØÖ··½ÔÚAºóÃæ
ÏÖÔÚÎÒÃÇÖªµÀÁËSSH·þÎñÆ÷µÄIPµØÖ·,¾Í¿ÉÒÔÁ¬ÉÏÈ¥ÁË,MYPC¿ªÊ¼Èý´ÎÎÕÊÖ:
13:45:13.956853 mypc.xx.yy.zz.3164 > sshserver.xx.yy.zz.22: S 87334271:87334271(0) win 65535 (DF)
13:45:14.059243 sshserver.xx.yy.zz.22 > mypc.xx.yy.zz.3164: S 4138420249:4138420249(0) ack 87334272
win 32120 (DF)
13:45:14.059475 mypc.xx.yy.zz.3164 > sshserver.xx.yy.zz.22: . 87334272:87334272(0) ack 4138420250
win 65535 (DF)
Èý´ÎÎÕÊÖÍê³É,¼Çס:¼´Ê¹2̨»úÆ÷ÔÚSSH¶Ë¿Ú½¨Á¢ÁËÁ¬½Ó,ÎÒҲûÓеǼµ½SSH·þÎñÆ÷ÉÏÈ¥,ÔÚ3´ÎÎÕÊÖÍê³ÉÇ°»úÆ÷¼ä²¢Ã»ÓÐÊý¾Ý½»Á÷.SSH¿Í»§ºÍ·þÎñÆ÷Êǽ¨Á¢ÁËSSH½ø³Ì,ͨ¹ýÏÂÃæµÄÊý¾Ý°ü½øÐн»Á÷:
13:45:19.184932 sshserver.xx.yy.zz.22 > mypc.xx.yy.zz.3164: P 4138420250:4138420282(32) ack
87334272 win 32120 (DF)
ÉÏÒ»Ò³ [1] [2] [3] ÏÂÒ»Ò³
13:45:19.201814 mypc.xx.yy.zz.3164 > sshserver.xx.yy.zz.22: P 87334272:87334314(42) ack 4138420282
win 65503 (DF)
13:45:19.300401 sshserver.xx.yy.zz.22 > mypc.xx.yy.zz.3164: . 4138420282:4138420282(0) ack 87334314
win 32120 (DF)
13:45:19.300616 mypc.xx.yy.zz.3164 > sshserver.xx.yy.zz.22: P 87334314:87334690(376) ack 4138420282
win 65503 (DF)
13:45:19.303977 sshserver.xx.yy.zz.22 > mypc.xx.yy.zz.3164: P 4138420282:4138421210(928) ack
87334314 win 32120 (DF)
13:45:19.422141 sshserver.xx.yy.zz.22 > mypc.xx.yy.zz.3164: . 4138421210:4138421210(0) ack 87334690
win 32120 (DF)
13:45:19.488282 mypc.xx.yy.zz.3164 > sshserver.xx.yy.zz.22: . 87334690:87334690(0) ack 4138421210
win 64575 (DF)
sshserver's port 22.
ÎÒÇÃÁËÃÜÂë,Õýʽ×÷ΪÓû§µÇ¼Á˽øÈ¥,ËùÓÐÎÒʹÓÃSSH·þÎñÆ÷Ëù²úÉúµÄÊý¾ÝÁ÷¶¼ºÜÀàËÆ,ÔÚMYPCµÄ3136¶Ë¿ÚºÍSERVERµÄ22¶Ë¿ÚÖ®¼ä,ÓÐPSH/ACKºÍACK°ü.
win 65503 (DF)
13:45:19.300401 sshserver.xx.yy.zz.22 > mypc.xx.yy.zz.3164: . 4138420282:4138420282(0) ack 87334314
win 32120 (DF)
13:45:19.300616 mypc.xx.yy.zz.3164 > sshserver.xx.yy.zz.22: P 87334314:87334690(376) ack 4138420282
win 65503 (DF)
13:45:19.303977 sshserver.xx.yy.zz.22 > mypc.xx.yy.zz.3164: P 4138420282:4138421210(928) ack
87334314 win 32120 (DF)
13:45:19.422141 sshserver.xx.yy.zz.22 > mypc.xx.yy.zz.3164: . 4138421210:4138421210(0) ack 87334690
win 32120 (DF)
13:45:19.488282 mypc.xx.yy.zz.3164 > sshserver.xx.yy.zz.22: . 87334690:87334690(0) ack 4138421210
win 64575 (DF)
sshserver's port 22.
ÎÒÇÃÁËÃÜÂë,Õýʽ×÷ΪÓû§µÇ¼Á˽øÈ¥,ËùÓÐÎÒʹÓÃSSH·þÎñÆ÷Ëù²úÉúµÄÊý¾ÝÁ÷¶¼ºÜÀàËÆ,ÔÚMYPCµÄ3136¶Ë¿ÚºÍSERVERµÄ22¶Ë¿ÚÖ®¼ä,ÓÐPSH/ACKºÍACK°ü.