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·¢ÐÅÕ¾: BBS ˮľÇ廪վ (Thu Jan 20 16:00:28 2000)
  
ÒÔϽ«ËµÃ÷ʹÓÃApache+PHP3+PostgreSQL×÷Ϊ»ùÓÚWebµÄÊý¾Ý¿âƽ̨µÄ°²×°ºÍÅäÖ÷½·¨
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¹ØÓÚApache¡¢PHP3ºÍPostgreSQLµÄ¸ü¶àÄÚÈÝ¿ÉÒÔ´ÓÈí¼þµÄ¸½´øÎĵµ¡¢LinuxµÄHOWTOÎļþ
  
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Apache: http://www.apache.org
PHP3: http://www.php.net
PostgreSQL: http://www.postgresql.org
1. PostgreSQLµÄ°²×°ºÍÉèÖÃ
1.1 »ñµÃÔ´³ÌÐò
PostgreSQL×îа汾µÄÔ´³ÌÐò¿ÉÒÔÔÚhttp://www.postgresql.orgÕÒµ½¡£Ä¿Ç°µÄ×îа汾
  
ÊÇ6.5.X¡£ÒÔÏÂÒÔ6.4 °æÎªÀý˵Ã÷°²×°·½·¨¡£
1.2 ×¼±¸¹¤×÷
±àÒëPostgreSQLÐèÒª3.75°æÒÔÉϵÄGNU make (ÓÃgmake -v¼ì²é°æ±¾ºÅ) £¬2.7.2°æÒÔÉϵÄ
  
GNU C(ÓÃgcc -v ¼ì²é°æ±¾ºÅ)ÒÔ¼°bisonºÍflex(ͨ³£ÕâÁ½ÖÖ¹¤¾ß¶¼ÒѾ­°²×°ÁË) ¡£
PostgreSQLµÄĬÈϰ²×°Î»ÖÃΪ/usr/local/pgsql/£¬ÏµÍ³ÎļþÔ¼Ðè3-10M¿Õ¼ä¡£¸½´øµÄ²â
ÊÔ
³ÌÐòÔÚÔËÐÐʱÐèÒªÔ¼20M¿Õ¼ä£¬ËùÒÔ°²×°Ê±Ó¦×¢ÒâÔ¤Áô×ã¹»µÄ¿Õ¼ä£¬½¨Òé/usr/local/pg
sql/
Ŀ¼Ï±£Ö¤ÓÐ50MÒÔÉϿռ䡣ÁíÍâÕ¹¿ªºÍ±àÒëÔ´³ÌÐòÔ¼Ðè30-60M¿Õ¼ä¡£
¶Ô¶àÓû§µÄÓ¦Óû·¾³£¬½¨ÒéÉèÖÃÒ»¸öרÓÃÓû§Ãû£¬ÀýÈç postgres :
$ su Ê×ÏȵǼΪroot
# /usr/sbin/adduser postgres
ÁíÍâPostgreSQLʹÓÃÁËSystem VµÄ¹²ÏíÄÚ´æ»úÖÆ¡£FreeBSDĬÈÏ״̬²»Ö§³Ö¸Ã»úÖÆ¡£Èçʹ
ÓÃ
ÖеÄÄں˵ÄÉèÖÃÎļþÖÐÎÞÒÔÏÂÏîÄ¿ÔòÐè×·¼ÓºóÖØÐ±àÒëÄںˣº
options SYSVSHM
options SYSVSEM
options SYSVMSG
½¨±£´æÔ´³ÌÐòµÄĿ¼/usr/local/src/pgsqlºÍ°²×°Ä¿Â¼/usr/local/pgsql:
#mkdir /usr/local/pgsql
#chown postgres:postgres /usr/local/pgsql
#mkdir /usr/local/src
#mkdir /usr/local/src/pgsql
#chown postgres:postgres /usr/local/src/pgsql
1.3 ±àÒë
ÒÔpostgresÓû§µÇ¼, ½âѹËõÔ´³ÌÐò£º
# su postgres
$ tar -xzvf /tmp/postgresql-v6.4.tar.gz [¼ÙÉèÏÂÔØÎļþ±£´æÔÚ/tmpĿ¼ÏÂ]
Íê³ÉºóÓ¦Éú³ÉÒ»¸öpostgresql-v6.4Ŀ¼£¬ÏÂÃæ¿ªÊ¼±àÒ룺
$ cd /usr/local/src/pgsql/postgresql-v6.4/src
$ ./configure --with-mb=EUC_CN
ÆäÖУ¬--with-mb=Ö¸¶¨ÏµÍ³Ä¬ÈÏ×Ö·û±àÂë¡£³ýGBÂë(EUC_CN) Í⣬»¹¿ÉÒÔÖ¸¶¨ÎªÈÕÓï
(EUC_JP)¡¢º«Óï(EUC_KR) ¡¢Ì¨Íå(EUC_TW) ¡¢UNICODE¡¢MULE_INTERNAL¡¢LATIN1µÈ¡£
×¢Ò⣬ÈçʹÓÃ6.3.2°æÐèÓÃ--with-template=... Ö¸¶¨²Ù×÷ϵͳ£¬¾ßÌåÄÚÈݼûÔ´³ÌÐò¸½´ø
µÄ˵Ã÷Îļþ¡£
configureÈç˳ÀûÍê³É£¬½«Éú³ÉGNUmakefile,Makefile.globalºÍMakefile.portµÈÎļþ¡£
  
$ gmake all
ÔÚ±àÒë½áÊøºó½«ÏÔʾÒÔÏÂÐÅÏ¢£º
All of PostgreSQL is successfully made. Ready to install.
°²×°£º
$ gmake install
Õý³£Íê³Éºó£¬PostgreSQlµÄÖ´ÐÐÎļþºÍ¿âÎļþµÈ½«±»°²×°µ½/usr/local/pgsqlĿ¼Ï¡£
  
°²×°¸½´øÎĵµ£º
$ gmake install-man
$ cd /usr/local/src/postgresql-v6.4/doc
$ make install
ÖÁ´ËPostgreSQLµÄ±àÒë°²×°ÒѾ­Íê³É£¬ÏÂÃæ¿ªÊ¼³õÆÚÉèÖá£
1.4 ³õÆÚÉèÖÃ
ÉèÖû·¾³±äÁ¿£º
ÈçʹÓõÄshellΪbash, ÔòÔÚ.bashrcÖÐÌí¼ÓÒÔÏÂÃüÁ
PATH="$PATH":/usr/local/pgsql/bin
export POSTGRES_HOME=/usr/local/pgsql
export PGLIB=$POSTGRES_HOME/lib
export PGDATA=$POSTGRES_HOME/data
export MANPATH="$MANPTH":$POSTGRES_HOME/man
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$LD_LIBRARY_PATH":"$PGLIB"
È»ºóÖ´ÐÐ source ~/.bashrc
ÈçʹÓõÄshellΪcsh/tcshÔòÔÚ.cshrcÖÐÌí¼ÓÒÔÏÂÃüÁ
setenv PATH="$PATH":/usr/local/pgsql/bin
setenv POSTGRES_HOME=/usr/local/pgsql
setenv PGLIB=$POSTGRES_HOME/lib
setenv PGDATA=$POSTGRES_HOME/data
setenv MANPATH="$MANPTH":$POSTGRES_HOME/man
setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH="$LD_LIBRARY_PATH":"$PGLIB"
È»ºóÖ´ÐÐ source ~/.cshrc
ÒÔÉÏ»·¾³±äÁ¿ÊÇËùÓÐʹÓÃÊý¾Ý¿âµÄÓû§¶¼ÐèÒªÉèÖõġ£
Êý¾Ý¿âĿ¼µÄ³õʼ»¯£º
$ initdb
¿ÉÒÔʹÓõIJÎÊý£º
--pgdata=/pgsql/db Ö¸¶¨Êý¾Ý¿âĿ¼£¬Ä¬ÈÏʹÓû·¾³±äÁ¿PGDATAÖ¸¶¨µÄλÖÃ
--pgencoding=EUC_CN Ö¸¶¨Êý¾Ý¿âµÄ×Ö·û±àÂ룬ĬÈÏʹÓÃconfigureʱָ¶¨µÄ±àÂë¡£
ÐèҪעÒâµÄÊÇÖ´ÐÐinitdbµÄÓû§½«ÓµÓÐËù½¨Êý¾Ý¿âĿ¼µÄ¹ÜÀíȨ¡£
ʹÓÃÒÔÏÂÃüÁîÆô¶¯PostgreSQL:
$ postmaster -S
ÔËÐвâÊÔ³ÌÐò£º
$ cd test/regression
$ gmake all runtest
Èç²âÊÔ³ÌÐòÄÜÕý³£ÔËÐÐÔò˵Ã÷PostgreSQLÄÜÕý³£ÔËÐС£
ΪÁËÈà PostgreSQLÔÚϵͳÆô¶¯Ê±ÄÜ×Ô¶¯Æô¶¯£¬Ðè×÷ÒÔϱä¸ü£º
Ê×ÏÈÒÔrootµÇ¼
$ su
Linux: ÔÚ/etc/rc.d/rc.localÖÐ×·¼ÓÒÔÏÂÄÚÈÝ£º
POSTGRESDIR=/usr/local/pgsql
if [ -x $POSTGRESDIR/bin/postmaster -a -d $POSTGRESDIR/data ];then
rm -f /tmp/s.PGSQL.5432
su - postgres -c "postmaster -S -i"
echo -n 'postmaster'
fi
FreeBSD: ÔÚ/usr/local/etc/rc.dÖн¨Á¢ÃûΪpgsql.shµÄÎļþ£¬ÄÚÈÝΪ£º
#! /bin/sh
POSTGRESDIR=/usr/local/pgsql
if [ -x $POSTGRESDIR/bin/postmaster -a -d $POSTGRESDIR/data ];then
rm -f /tmp/s.PGSQL.5432
su - postgres -c "postmaster -S -i"
echo -n 'postmaster'
fi
ÐÞ¸Äpgsql.shÎļþµÄȨÏÞ£º
# chmod 755 pgsql.sh
ÏÖÔÚPostgreSQLµÄ°²×°ºÍÉ趨»ù±¾ÒѾ­Íê³ÉÁË£¬µ«ÊÇĿǰΪֹÄÜʹÓÃÊý¾Ý¿âµÄÓû§Ö»ÓÐ
postgres¡£
ΪʹÆäËûÓû§¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÊý¾Ý¿â£¬ÐèÒªµÇ¼Êý¾Ý¿âÓû§ºÍÉú³ÉÓû§Êý¾Ý¡£
ÀýÈçͨ¹ýWeb·þÎñÆ÷Apache½øÐвéѯµÄÓû§£¬Óû§ÃûΪnobody:
% createuser nobody
Enter user's postgres ID or RETURN to use unix user ID: 1000 ->1000
Is user "nobody" allowed to create dataase(y/n)n
Is user "nobody" allowed to add users?(y/n)n
createuser: nobody was successfully added
ɾ³ýÓû§¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃÃüÁîdestroyuser Óû§Ãû
PostgreSQL¿ÉÒÔͬʱ¹ÜÀí¶à¸öÊý¾Ý¿â(µ«Êý¾Ý¿âÖ®¼ä²»ÄܽøÐÐjoinµÈ²Ù×÷)¡£Ð½¨Êý¾Ý¿â
£º
$ createdb Êý¾Ý¿âÃû
н¨µÄÊý¾Ý¿â½«±»·ÅÔÚ/usr/local/pgsql/data/baseµÄͬÃûĿ¼ÏÂ(»·¾³±äÁ¿PGDATAÖ¸¶¨
  
·¾¶µÄbaseĿ¼ÏÂ)¡£ÈçÊ¡ÂÔÊý¾Ý¿âÃû²ÎÊý£¬½«×Ô¶¯ÒÔÓû§Ãû×÷ΪÊý¾Ý¿âÃû¡£
ÀýÈç ÃûΪdb1µÄÊý¾Ý¿â½«±»±£´æÔÚ/usr/local/pgsql/data/base/db1Ŀ¼Ï¡£
Ò²¿ÉʹÓÃinitlocationÃüÁîÖ¸¶¨ÆäËûλÖãº
$ initlocation /pgsql/data
$ export PGDATA2=/pgsql/data
$ createdb -D PGDATA2 db2
ÔòÊý¾Ý¿âdb2½«±»±£´æÔÚ/pgsql/dataĿ¼Ï¡£ÁíÍâPostgreSQL 6.4°æ¿ÉÒÔÔÚ½¨Á¢Êý¾Ý¿â
ʱ
Ö¸¶¨ÎÄ×Ö±àÂ룺
createdb -E ¡°×Ö·û±àÂ롱 ¡°×Ö·û±àÂ롱 ²Î¼û
configure¡¢initdb¡£
ɾ³ýÊý¾Ý¿â£ºdestroydb Êý¾Ý¿âÃû
PostgreSQL×î»ù±¾µÄÊý¾Ý¿â¹ÜÀí¹¤¾ßÊÇpgsql. »ù±¾Ê¹Ó÷½·¨£ºpgsql Êý¾Ý¿âÃû
1.5 °²È«ÉèÖãº
PostgreSQLÌṩÁË»ùÓÚÖ÷»úµÄÈÏÖ¤·½Ê½host based authentication(HBA) ¡¢»ùÓÚ¿ÚÁîµÄ
  
Óû§Éí·ÝÈÏÖ¤ºÍÓû§²Ù×÷ȨÏÞÉèÖõȰ²È«»úÖÆ¡£
1.5.1 HBA·½Ê½ºÍ»ùÓÚ¿ÚÁîµÄÓû§Éí·ÝÈÏÖ¤·½Ê½
HBA·½Ê½µÄÉèÖÃÎļþΪpg_hba.conf¡£Æä¸ñʽΪ£º
host DBNAME IP_ADDRESS ADDRESS_MASK USRAUTH [AUTH_ARGUMENT]
host: ¹Ì¶¨±êÖ¾£¬²»ÄÜÐÞ¸Ä
DBNAME: Êý¾Ý¿âÃû£¬all´ú±íËùÓÐÊý¾Ý¿â
IP_ADDRESS£¬ADDRESS_MASK£ºÖ¸¶¨IPµØÖ·£¬Ò²¿ÉÖ¸¶¨×ÓÍø£¬Èç192.168.10.0/255.255.2
55.0
USERAUTH: ¶ÔÓû§µÄÈÏÖ¤·½Ê½£¬°üÀ¨ident(RFC1413) ¡¢trust(²»½øÐÐÈÏÖ¤) ¡¢reject
(¾Ü¾ø·ûºÏÌõ¼þµÄ·ÃÎÊ) ¡¢password [passwd_file](¸ù¾Ýflat file¿ÚÁîÎļþ½øÐÐÈÏÖ¤)
¡¢
crypt(ʹÓÃPostgreSQLµÄϵͳÊý¾Ý¿âpg_shadow½øÐÐÈÏÖ¤) ¡¢kbr4/kbr5(Kerberos V4/V
5ÈÏ
Ö¤) ¡£ÈçÔÚ×÷ΪWeb Êý¾Ý¿âʹÓÃ, ʹÓÃpasswd¿ÚÁîÎļþ½øÐб¾µØµÇ¼ʱ¿ÉÈçÏÂÉèÖãº
Host all 127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 password passwd
passwdÎļþĬÈÏλÖÃΪ/usr/local/pgsql/data, ÓÐÊý¾Ý¿â¹ÜÀíȨÏÞµÄÓû§¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃ
pg_passwdÃüÁî¹ÜÀí¸ÃÎļþ(×¢Ò⣺flat file¿ÚÁîÈÏÖ¤·½Ê½²ÉÓÃÃ÷ÎÄ´«ËÍ¿ÚÁ¹ÊÒª´ÓÍø
Âç
ÉÏÆäËûÖ÷»úµÇ¼£¬½¨ÒéʹÓÃcryptÈÏÖ¤·½Ê½) ¡£
1.5.2 Óû§²Ù×÷ȨÏÞÉèÖÃ
ʹÓÃSQLÃüÁîgrant/revoke¿ÉÒÔÉèÖÃÓû§/Óû§×é¿É·ñʹÓÃselect/insert/update/ruleÃü
Áî¡£
¸ù¾ÝSQL±ê×¼£¬Ò»¸öÊý¾Ý±íÎļþ(table) ÔÚ¸Õ½¨Á¢Ê±Ö»Óн¨Á¢¸Ã±íÎļþµÄÓû§ÓÐȨ·ÃÎÊ¡£
  
Òª·ÖÅ䏸Óû§·ÃÎÊȨÏÞ£¬¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃgrantÃüÁ
grant <ȨÏÞÖÖÀà> on to <Óû§/×é>
ȨÏÞÖÖÀࣺall,select,insert,update,delete,rule
tableÃû£º±»ÉèÖÃÓû§·ÃÎÊȨÏ޵ıíÎļþ
Óû§/×飺public(ËùÓÐÓû§) »òÓû§Ãû/×éÃû
revokeÃüÁî×÷ÓÃÓëgrantÃüÁîÏà·´£¬Ó÷¨ÈçÏ£º
revoke <ȨÏÞÖÖÀà> on from <Óû§/×é>
tableÒÑÉèÖõÄÓû§È¨ÏÞ¿ÉÒÔʹÓÃpgsqlµÄ\z ÃüÁî²é¿´¡£
2. Apache+PHP3µÄ°²×°¼°ÉèÖÃ
2.1 Ô´³ÌÐò
ApacheºÍPHP3µÄ×îа汾Դ³ÌÐò¿ÉÒÔ´Óhttp://www.apache.org/ºÍhttp://www.php.net
/ÕÒµ½¡£
ÒÔÏÂÒÔApache 1.3.6ºÍPHP3 3.0.5 ΪÀý¡£
2.2 ±àÒë
¼ÙÉèApacheºÍPHP3µÄÔ´³ÌÐò¶¼±£´æÔÚ/tmpĿ¼Ï£¬Ê×ÏȵǼΪroot:
$ su
# cd /usr/local/src
# tar -xzvf /tmp/apache_1.3.6.tar.gz
# ./configure
# cd /usr/local/src
# tar -xzvf /tmp/php3-3.0.5.tar.gz
# cd php-3.0.5
# ./configure --with-pgsql --with-apache=../apache_1.3.6 --enable-track-vars
  
# make
# make install
×îºóÒ»²½½«½¨Á¢/usr/local/src/apache_1.3.6/src/modules/php3Ŀ¼£¬²¢½«ÒÔÏÂÎļþ
  
¸´ÖƵ½¸ÃĿ¼Ï£º
Makefile.libdir libmodphp3.a mod_php3.c php_version.h
Makefile.tmpl libphp3.module mod_php3.h
±àÒëºÍ°²×°Apache:
ÉèÖû·¾³±äÁ¿LD_LIBRARY_PATH cshºÍtcsh shellʹÓÃÒÔÏÂÃüÁ
# setenv LD_LIBRARY_PATH /usr/local/pgsql/lib
shºÍbashʹÓÃÈçÏÂÃüÁ
# LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/pgsql/lib
# export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
È»ºó
# cd /usr/local/src/apache_1.3.6
# ./configure --activate-module=src/modules/php3/libphp3.a
# make
# make install
2.3 ÐÞ¸ÄÉèÖÃÎļþ
# cd /usr/local/src/php-3.0.5
# cp php3.ini-dist /usr/local/lib/php3.ini
½«/usr/local/apache/etc/srm.confÖÐÒÔÏÂÁ½ÐÐÄÚÈÝǰµÄ#ºÅɾ³ý£¬Èç¹ûÒÔ.php3×÷ΪPH
P3
ÎļþµÄÀ©Õ¹Ãû£¬Ôò½«.phtml ¸ü¸ÄΪ .php3£º
#AddType application/x-httpd-php3 .php3
#AddType application/x-httpd-php3-source .phps
ÔÚsrm.confÎļþµÄDirectoryIndexÏÂÔö¼Ó index.php3:
DirectoryIndex index.html index.php3
¡¡¡¡
2.4 Æô¶¯Apache
# /usr/local/apache/sbin/apachectl start
apachectl start: httpd started
ÔÚ±¾µØ»úÉÏÆô¶¯ÍøÂçä¯ÀÀÆ÷£¬µØÖ·À¸ÊäÈëhttp://localhost/(»òÔÚÆäËû¼ÆËã»úÉϵÄä¯ÀÀ
Æ÷
µØÖ·À¸ÊäÈëApache·þÎñÆ÷µØÖ·)£¬ÈçÄÜÏÔʾ³öApacheµÄ¿ªÊ¼»­ÃæÔò˵Ã÷ApacheÒѾ­
°²×°³É¹¦¡£ÏÂÃæ²âÊÔPHP3Ä£¿é¹¤×÷ÊÇ·ñÕý³££º
# cd /usr/local/apache/share/htdocs/
# ln -s /usr/local/src/php-3.0.5 .
È»ºóÔÚä¯ÀÀÆ÷µÄµØÖ·À¸ÊäÈëhttp://localhost/php-3.0.5/examples/date.php3
¹Û²ìphp3ÎļþµÄÔËÐнá¹ûÊÇ·ñÕý³£¡£ÈçÈÕÆÚº¯ÊýÄÜÏÔʾÕýÈ·½á¹û£¬Ôò˵Ã÷PHP3Ä£¿é¹¤×÷
Õý³£¡£
ÖÁ´Ë£¬»ùÓÚApache Web·þÎñÆ÷ºÍ·þÎñÆ÷¶Ë½Å±¾ÓïÑÔP