µ±Ç°Î»ÖãºLinux½Ì³Ì - LinuxÎÄ»¯ - 06Äê·þÎñÆ÷Êг¡¾ÞÍ·Õ¼ÓÅ£¬¿ªÔ´ÕýÔÚ·¢Õ¹

06Äê·þÎñÆ÷Êг¡¾ÞÍ·Õ¼ÓÅ£¬¿ªÔ´ÕýÔÚ·¢Õ¹


2006Äê·¢²¼µÄÐÂÆ·ºÍм¼ÊõÓв»ÉÙ£¬ÀýÈçAMDµÄ¶àºËð©Áú¡¢IntelµÄË«ºË°²ÌÚ¡¢SunµÄȫϵÁÐNiagara·þÎñÆ÷¡¢IBMµÄPower6¡¢HPµÄHP-UX11iv3¡¢Î¢ÈíµÄ¼¯Èº²Ù×÷ϵͳµÈ£¬ÄÇôÔÚеÄÒ»ÄêÖУ¬×îÖµµÃ¹Ø×¢µÄ¼¼ÊõÓë²úÆ·ÊÇÄÄЩ£¿

ͨ³£ÈÏΪ1945ÄêÊÇÏÖ´úµç×Ó¼ÆËã»úµÄ·¢Ã÷Ä꣬¶ø°´ÕÕÖйúµÄÏ°Ë×£¬60ÄêΪһ¼××Ó£¬Ò²¾ÍÊÇÊÇÒ»¸öÂֻء£Êµ¼ÊÉÏ£¬60Äêºó¿´À´£¬´ú±í¼ÆËã»ú¼¼Êõ´´ÐºËÐĵķþÎñÆ÷¼¼Êõ£¬µÄÈ·¾­Àú×ÅÒ»¸ö¼¼ÊõÓëÓ¦ÓõÄÐÂÂֻء£

CPUƪ

´Ó¼ÆËã»ú±»·¢Ã÷Ö®ÈÕ¿ªÊ¼£¬¹¤³ÌʦºÍÓû§¶Ô¼ÆËãÐÔÄܵÄ×·Çó¾Í´Óδֹͣ£¬ËäÈ»ÔÚ2004ÄêÓÉÓÚ¹¦ºÄ¡¢ÖƳ̺ͲÄÁϵÈÎÊÌâÔì³ÉÁËһЩͣÖÍ£¬µ«Ëæ×Åй¤ÒÕ¡¢Ð²ÄÁϺͶàºË¼Ü¹¹µÄ³öÏÖ£¬»º½âÁËÉÏÊöì¶Ü£¬ÓÚÊÇ2006ÄêÀÎÒÃǽ«ÄÜ¿´µ½´ÓCPU¡¢·þÎñÆ÷ϵͳµ½¸ßÐÔÄܼÆËã»úÐÔÄܵÄÔÙ´ÎÔ¾Éý¡£

´ÓAMDºÍÓ¢ÌضûµÄ2006Äê¼¼ÊõÀ¶Í¼ÉÏ¿ÉÒÔ¿´µ½£¬ÔÚx86¼Ü¹¹ÉϵķþÎñÆ÷CPUÐÔÄܾºÕùÓúÑÝÓúÁÒ¡£

ËäÈ»AMDÖ±µ½2007Äê²Å»áÍƳöËĺ˵Äð©Áú´¦ÀíÆ÷£¬µ«2006ÄêËüÃÇÒ²»á¶Ôð©Áú½øÐÐһЩÏà¶Ô½ÏСµÄ¸Ä¶¯£¬ÀýÈçÔö¼Ó¶ÔDDR2ÄÚ´æµÄÖ§³Ö£»»¹ÓÐÒ»ÖÖ½Ð×öM2µÄÐÂÐͽӲ弼Êõ£¬¸Ã¼¼ÊõËùʹÓõÄÕë½Å½á¹¹Óëð©ÁúĿǰʹÓõÄ939Õë²å×ùÓнϴóµÄÇø±ð£¬ÕâÒ²Òâζ×Å£¬Î´À´µÄð©Áú²å¿ÚÓëÏÖÔڵIJ»Í¬£¬»á´ø¶¯·þÎñÆ÷Ö÷°å³§É̵ÄÑз¢ÓëÏúÊÛ¡£´ËÍ⣬2006ÄêÍƳöµÄOpteron»¹½«ÒýÈëAMDµÄPacificaÐéÄâ¼¼Êõ¼°Presidio°²È«¼¼Êõ¡£ÓÉÓÚ²ÉÓÃÁËרÓõľ§Ìå¹Ü£¬Pacifica¼¼Êõ£¨ÉÏÆڵĻع˽éÉÜÁËһЩPacificaµÄ×ÊÁÏ£¬µ«Ä¿Ç°¸Ã¼¼ÊõµÄϸ½Ú²»¶à£©¿ÉÒÔ¸ÄÉÆÐéÄâÓ²¼þµÄÐÔÄÜ£¬¶øPresidioÔò¿ÉÒÔ´´½¨³öÒ»¸öÊܱ£»¤µÄÇøÓò£¬×¨ÃŹ©´¦ÀíÆ÷´æ´¢Ò»Ð©¹Ø¼üµÄÊý¾Ý¡£

Ó¢Ìضû2006ÄêµÄ¼Æ»®¿´ÆðÀ´ºÜÃ÷ÏÔ£¬¼´½øÒ»²½ÔöÇ¿ÔÚÖÆÔ칤ÒպͲúÁ¿ÉϵÄÓÅÊÆ¡£Ó¢ÌضûÔÚ³ý³É¹¦½øÈë65ÄÉÃ×ÖÆÔ칤ÒÕÁìÓòÍ⣬»¹Õý¼Ó½ô¶Ô45ÄÉÃ×¼°32ÄÉÃ×¹¤ÒյIJúÆ·Ñз¢¹¤×÷£¬ÆäÖÐһЩвúÆ·¿ª·¢´úÂëÒѱ»Íâ½çÆع⡣ӢÌضûÕýÔÚÆä¶íÀÕ¸ÔÖÝоƬ¹¤³§¼Ó½ôвúÆ·¿ª·¢»î¶¯£¬²¢ÈÏΪ¸Ã¹«Ë¾Ä¿Ç°ÕýÔÚÑÐÖƶà¿î»ùÓÚ65ÄÉÃס¢45ÄÉÃ×¹¤ÒյĴ¦ÀíÆ÷£¬×ÜÁ¿´ï21¿î£¬ÆäÖÐ17¿î½«ÓÚ2006µ½2008ÄêÆÚ¼äͶ·ÅÊг¡¡£Ò»Ð©Õý±»¿¼ÂǵĿª·¢´úÂë¿ÉÄÜΪKentsfield¡¢Penryn¡¢YorkfieldµÈ¡£ÖÁǿƽ̨ÓÉÓÚÇï¼¾IDFÉÏÐû²¼µÄ¸Ä°æ£¬ÔÚ2006Ä겢ûÓÐÌ«´óµÄ¶¯×÷£¬¶øÍƳٵ½Ã÷ÄêÖеÄMontecitoÓÉÓÚȱ·¦¸üÐÂÐÅÏ¢£¬Ö»ÄܹÛÍûÁË¡£²»¹ý¸öÈ˶ÔÓÚÓ¢ÌضûµÄÌøƱµ¹ÊÇûʲô¡°¶îÍ⡱µÄÁªÏ룬±Ï¾¹µÚÒ»´ÎÉè¼Æ¸ß¶ËµÄË«ºË£¬ÄѶÈÖ®´óÊdz¬ºõÏëÏóµÄ£¬¾ÍÀýÈçIBMµÄPower4£¬1999Äê±ã·¢²¼£¬µ«ÕæÕýÉÏÊÐÊÇ2001Äê¡£²»¹ý×Ô´ÓÄǴεÄÌøƱºó£¬Power¼Ò×å¾ÍÒ»·«·ç˳ÆðÀ´£¬²»ÖªµÀ°²ÌÚ2ÄÜ·ñ¿¿×ÅË«ºËµÄÍêÃÀÉè¼ÆÀ´°ÚÍÑÄ¿Ç°µÄ¾½¾³£¿

²»¹ýÃ÷Äê×îÖµµÃÒµ½ç¹Ø×¢µÄCPU£¬Ó¦¸ÃÊÇIBMµÄPower6´¦ÀíÆ÷¡£

½«ÓÚ2006Äê2ÔÂ5ÈÕµ½9ÈÕÕÙ¿ªµÄ¡°¹ú¼Ê¹Ì̬µç·Äê»á¡±ÉÏ£¬IBMµÄÈýλ¹¤³Ìʦ½«Ðû¶Á¹ØÓÚPower6µÄÂÛÎÄ£¬±ÊÕß´Ó»áÇ°µÄÎÄÕÂÕªÒªÖп´µ½£¬Power6½«²ÉÓÃ΢´¦ÀíÆ÷È«¾ÖʱÖÓ·ÖÅäÍøÂ磨MicroprocessorGlobalClockDistributionNetworks£©£¬¼´½«´¦ÀíÆ÷µÄÄÚ²¿Ê±ÖÓƵÂÊ·ÖÅäµ½¸÷¸öÉ豸£¨ÈçËæ»ú´æ´¢Æ÷µÈ£©ÒÔÈ·¶¨ÆäÔËÐÐËÙÂʵÄÄÚ²¿ÍøÂç¼Ü¹¹¼¼Êõ£¬ÊµÏÖ5GHzµÄ³¬¸ßƵÂʺÍ5.6GHz64KBµÄ˫ͨµÀƬÉÏ»º´æ¡£Power6»¹¾ß±¸ÔÚÈÎÎñÖÜÆÚµÄÖ´Ðйý³ÌÖнøÐÐʵʱÐÞÕý£¬ÐÞÕýµÄ½á¹ûÒ²¿ÉÒÔʵʱ·´Ó³³öÀ´£¬ÎÞÐëµÈ´ý¸ÃÖÜÆÚ½áÊøºóÔÙÐÞÕý¡£²»¹ý×îÁîÈ˾ªÆæµÄÊÇ£¬ÓÐÏûÏ¢³ÆPower6½«Êǵ¥ºËµÄ£¨Èç´Ë¸ßµÄƵÂÊ£¬×ö¶àºË¿ÖÅÂÉ¢ÈȳÉÎÊÌ⣩¡£Èç¹ûPower6ÕæÊǵ¥ºË¸ßƵµÄģʽ£¬ÄǾÍÒâζ×ÅÔÚCPUµÄ¼¼Êõ·½ÏòÉÏ£¬»¹ÓÐÁíÍâµÄµÀ·¿ÉÒÔÑ¡Ôñ?D?D¿´ÆðÀ´Power6µÄÉè¼ÆÕ߾߱¸Ï൱µÄÓÄĬ¸Ð£¬ÓÈÆäÊÇÔÚÆäËû³§ÉÌ´óËÁÐû´«¶àºËµÄ±³¾°Ï¡£ Ó²¼þϵͳƪ

ºÁÎÞÒÉÎÊ£¬SunÔÚ11Ô·ÝÌáÇ°·¢²¼UltraSPARCT1ÎÞÂÛ´ÓCPUÖÆÔì¼¼ÊõÉÏ»¹ÊÇCPUµÄSPECÐÔÄÜÉÏ£¬¶¼Äܼ«´óµØÎüÒý¼¼Êõ°®ºÃÕßÑÛÇò¡£ÄÇô£¬2006ÄêÈ«ÏßÉÏÊеÄNiagaraϵÁзþÎñÆ÷ÐÔÄÜÉÏÄÜ·ñÓëÆäËû¼Ò×忹ºâ£¿

¸ù¾Ý±ÊÕßÁ˽⣬ NiagaraϵÁеÄÇ°Á½¿î²úÆ·ÊÇSunfireT1000ÓëSunfireT2000£¬ÕâÁ½¿î²úÆ·Ò²¿É¸ù¾ÝÐèÒª£¬¶ÔCPUÉϵĺËÐĽøÐÐÅäÖã¬×î¸ßÅäÖõÄT1000£¨1GHz/8ºËÐÄ/16GB£©ÓëT2000£¨1.2GHz/8ºËÐÄ/32GB£©ÊÛ¼Û·Ö±ðÊÇ10995ÃÀÔªÓë25995ÃÀÔª£¬Á½ÕßÍêÈ«ÑØÓÃGalaxyϵÁмܹ¹Éè¼Æ£¬Á½¿î²úÆ·½«ÔÚ2006Äê1¼¾¶È·¢²¼£¬SunÄ¿Ç°ÕýÔÚ¶ÔÁ½¿î²úÆ·½øÐÐÄڲ⡣

ËüÃǵÄÐÔÄÜÈçºÎ£¿11Ô·ÝÖÐÑ®£¬ÔÚSunµÄÍÁ¶úÆä·Ö¹«Ë¾ÍøÕ¾ÉÏ¿ÉÒÔ¿´µ½SPEC.org¶ÔErieºÍOntarioËù×öµÄSPEC_web2005µÄ²âÊÔ½á¹û¡£

´ÓWeb·þÎñÐÔÄܵIJâÊÔÀ´¿´£¬ÅäÖÃ1¿Å8ºËUltraSPARC T1µÄSunfireT2000»ù±¾ÉÏÒѽӽüË«Power5£«µÄIBMp5550£¬µ«ÖµµÃSunµÄfansÃǸßÐ˵ÄÊÇ£¬UltraSPARCT1µÄ×î´ó¹¦ºÄÊÇ79W£¬¶øÁ½¿ÅPower5+µÄ×î¸ß¹¦ºÄÊÇ360W£¬ËùÒÔ´Ó¼Û¸ñºÍºÄµçÁ¿À´¿´£¬T2000ËƺõÕ¼Á˵ãÉÏ·ç¡£²»¹ý±ÊÕßÒ²ÒªÌáÐÑÕâЩfansÃÇ£¬»áÓжàÉÙÈËÂòp5550ºÍSunfireT2000À´µ±WebServerÄØ£¿ËùÒÔ»¹Êǵȵ½TPC-C»òTPC-HµÄ²âÊÔ½á¹û³öÀ´ºó£¬ÔÙϽáÂÛ²»³Ù¡£

»¹ÓÐÒ»¸öÖµµÃÓû§×¢ÒâµÄϸ½Ú£¬¾ÍÊÇNiagaraµÄϵͳÐÔÄÜÏ൱ÒÐÀµ¸ßÈÝÁ¿µÄÄڴ棬Õâ´ÓT1000ºÍT2000µÄÐÔÄܲî¾à¿ÉÒÔ¿´³ö?D?DÄÚ´æ·­·¬£¬ÐÔÄÜÔö¼Ó50£¥¡£Èç¹ûÔ¤Ëã³ä×ãµÄÓû§½«ÄÚ´æÅäÖõ½NiagaraϵÁеÄÉÏÏÞÖµ128GB£¬ÏµÍ³ÐÔÄÜÓ¦¸Ã¿ÉÒÔÔÙÔö¼Ó100£¥×óÓÒ¡£

ÁíÍâÖµµÃ¹Ø×¢µÄÇ÷ÊÆÔòÊǸßÐÔÄܼÆËã»úµÄµÍ³É±¾»¯¡£ÔÚ11ÔÂ30ÈÕµ½12ÔÂ2ÈÕ¾ÙÐеĹú¼Ê¼ÆËã»ú´´Ð´ó»á£¨CI6016£©ÉÏ£¬À´×ÔÖпÆÔº¼ÆËãËù¡¢IBM¡¢HP¡¢Î¢Èí¡¢ÃÀ¹ú½¾ü²¿ºÍÃÀ¹úÄÜÔ´²¿°¢À­¹±ÊµÑéÊҵķ¢ÑÔÈ˶¼±í´ïÁËÏàËƵÄÒâ˼£¬¼´¸ßÐÔÄܼÆËãµÄ³É±¾ÔÚÖð½¥½µµÍ£¬¶øÇÒ½«½øÒ»²½½µµÍ£¬ÆäÖÐ×îΪÀÖ¹ÛµÄ΢Èí·¢ÑÔÈËÉõÖÁ±íʾ£¬5Äêºó£¬1ÍòÃÀÔª½«ÄÜÂòµ½1TeraFlops/sµÄ¸ßÐÔÄܼÆËã»ú£¬¶øĿǰʵÏÖÏàͬÐÔÄܵÄHPC£¬´ó¸ÅÐèÒªÊýÊ®ÄËÖÁÊý°ÙÍòÃÀÔª¡£

¶øÇÒHPC³É±¾½µµÍµÄÇ÷ÊÆÒ²ÄÜ´ÓIBM BlueGene/LµÄÑÐÖÆ¿´³ö£¬2000ÄêIBM¿ªÊ¼BlueGene/LÑÐÖÆ£¬ÏîÄ¿³É±¾Ô¤ËãÊÇ5ÒÚÃÀÔªÔì³ö·åÖµ¼ÆËãÄÜÁ¦µ½360TeraFlops/sµÄ³¬¼¶¼ÆËã»ú£¬ÏÖÔÚIBMʵÏÖÁËÄ¿±ê£¬µ«×Ü»¨·Ñ´ó¸ÅÔÚ2ÒÚÃÀÔª×óÓÒ£¬±È¼Æ»®¼õÉÙ60£¥¡£´ÓijÖ̶ֳÈÉÏÀ´¿´£¬BlueGene/LµÄ³É¹¦ÔöÇ¿ÁË¿ªÔ´Èí¼þÔÚ¸ßÐÔÄÜÁìÓòµÄÓÅÊÆ?DÈ«Çò¼¸ºõ85£¥ÒÔÉϵÄHPC¶¼ÔËÐÐן÷ÖÖLinux¡£

³ýÁ˵ͳɱ¾»¯£¬HPC¶ÔÓÚÐÔÄܵÄ×·ÇóÒ²ÔÚ2006¡«2007Äê¼äʵÏÖÍ»ÆÆ£¬³ýÁËÃÀ¹ú¹ú·À²¿ºÍÄÜÔ´²¿µÄ¸ßÐÔÄܼÆËã»ú¼Æ»®£¬ÈÕ±¾Riken¸ßÐÔÄܼÆËãÖÐÐĺÍNECÒ²½«ÍƳöеÄרÓÐHPCϵͳ?D?Dµ°°×ÖÊ̽Ë÷Õß?DÕâÒ»¶ÔÍâÐû³ÆÓÃÓÚ·ÖÎöµ°°×ÖÊ·Ö×Ó×÷ÓõÄרÓûú£¨Êµ¼ÊÉÏÒ²¿ÉÓÃÓں˱¬Ä£Ä⣩£¬½«ºÜ¿ÉÄܳÉΪÊÀ½çÉϵÚÒ»¸öǧÍòÒڴΣ¨PetaFlops/s£©Á¿¼¶µÄϵͳ¡£

¶ÔÓÚ¹úÄÚµÄHPCÓû§¶øÑÔ£¬2006ÄêÖµµÃ¹Ø×¢µÄ³ýÁËHP¡¢IBM¡¢Êï¹â¡¢ÁªÏëµÈÕ¼¾Ý½Ï´ó·Ý¶îµÄ´«Í³ÓÅÊƳ§ÉÌ£¬½ñÄêµ×нøÈëÖйúÊг¡µÄLinuxNetworx»òÐí²»¿ÉºöÊÓ¡£LinuxNetworx¾¡¹Ü³ÉÁ¢Ã»¼¸Ä꣬µ«ÔÚ±±ÃÀµÄHPCÊг¡ÉÏÏíÓнϺÃÉùÓþ£¬ÊÇÒ»¸öרҵµÄLinux¸ßÐÔÄܹ©Ó¦ÉÌ?D¶øÇÒÔÚʯÓÍÎï̽¡¢ÉúÃü¿Æѧ¡¢»·¾³¿ÆѧºÍ¿ÉÊÓ»¯¼ÆËãÉÏÆÄÓо­Ñ飬ÕâºÍÉÏÊö³§É̵ÄÓÅÊÆÆÄÓÐÖغϣ¬ÏàÐÅÃ÷ÄêµÄ¼¯ÈºÊг¡µÄ¾ºÕù»á¸ü¼Ó¼¤ÁÒ¡£